{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:24:46Z","timestamp":1787765086551,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The successful elimination program of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Nepal decreased the incidence to less than 1 per 10,000 population leading to the consolidation phase. However, new VL cases have been recorded from new districts, threatening the elimination goal. This study monitors the geographical spread of VL and identifies potential risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VL data of 2017\u20132020 were obtained from the Epidemiology and Disease Control Division (EDCD) of Nepal and mapped. Telephonic interviews with 13 VL patients were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence maps indicate that VL is spreading to new areas. The target incidence exceeded four times in hilly and twice in mountainous districts. VL cases occurred in 64 of 77 districts in all three regions (mountainous, hilly and Terai). Interviews showed a correlation between travel history (private, commercial and for studies) and the spread of VL cases to new foci.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One major challenge of VL elimination in the maintenance phase is the spread of infection through travelers to new foci areas, which needs to be under continuous surveillance accompanied by vector control activities. This should be confirmed by a large-scale analytical study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.383637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T05:00:13Z","timestamp":1703566813000},"page":"414-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Visceral leishmaniasis in new foci areas of Nepal: Sources and extent of infection"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Martschew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Asa\u2019ad","family":"Al-Aghbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine and Society, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand Ballabh","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Infectious Disease Research Center, New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Kroeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine and Society, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna Prasad","family":"Paudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gokarna","family":"Dahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uttam Raj","family":"Pyakurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Diaz-Monsalve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine and Society, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha Raj","family":"Banjarax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5887-6","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis from a non-endemic Himalayan region of Nepal","volume":"117","author":"Shrestha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"R2-20240830","article-title":"What is leishmaniasis? 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