{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:23:17Z","timestamp":1787764997113,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n Phlebotomus argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n Annandale & Brunetti, 1908 (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector responsible for the transmission of\n Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\n (Laveran & Mesnil, 1903) Ross, 1903 in the subcontinent of India. It is the potential vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka. The present study determined ecological factors that influence the abundance of\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n in areas with high disease prevalence in the Anuradhapura district, North Central Sri Lanka.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n CDC light traps and yellow sticky traps were used for sampling, and abundance was recorded throughout 12 months with selected environmental parameters namely, relative humidity, wind speed, and temperature. The relationships between the abundance of\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n with mean temperature, % relative humidity, and wind speed were tested with regression analysis. The temporal distribution of the vector population was tested with a time series analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study identified the most preferable microhabitats of\n P. argentipes:<\/jats:italic>\n shrubs, unclear areas, gardening areas, wet soil areas with leaf litter, and termite hills. The results indicated that the abundance of\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n was highly dependent on mean temperature (P = 0.00, R\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 68%), and a high number of\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n was recorded for a low mean temperature range of 24.7\u201327.3\u00b0C. Furthermore, the abundance of\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited an increasing trend with high humidity levels of 72\u201388% (P = 0.00, R\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 91.6%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n These findings may help predict the temporal variation of the potential vector population with studied ecological parameters and contribute to a successful vector management strategy with thorough knowledge of the behavioral pattern of\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.383638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T05:00:28Z","timestamp":1703566828000},"page":"427-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Distribution of Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti, 1908 in the Anuradhapura district, North Central Sri Lanka"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"NMNG","family":"Nayakarathna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RAKM","family":"Gunathilaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GASM","family":"Ganehiarachchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2237","key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2237.1261","article-title":"Note on the bodies recently described by Leishman and Donovan","volume":"2","author":"Ross","year":"1903","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"R2-20240830","first-page":"949","article-title":"Control of the Leishmaniases","year":"2010","journal-title":"Report of a Meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva"},{"issue":"4","key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90061-7","article-title":"Sri Lankan cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani zymodeme MON-37","volume":"97","author":"Karunaweera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.05.013","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Sri Lanka","volume":"101","author":"Rajapaksa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v57i4.5082","article-title":"Correlation of clinical, parasitological, and histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in Sri Lanka","volume":"57","author":"Ranawaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"key":"R6-20240830","first-page":"20","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis-an emerging threat","volume":"15","author":"Chandrawansa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ruhunu Clin Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7-20240830","first-page":"13","article-title":"Is leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka benign and be ignored?","volume":"46","author":"Karunaweera","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1079\/BER2005368","article-title":"Molecular and biochemical characterization of a sand fly population from Sri Lanka: evidence for insecticide resistance due to altered esterases and insensitive acetylcholinesterase","volume":"95","author":"Surendran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2011.00115.x","article-title":"Distribution and ecological aspects of sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) species in Sri Lanka","volume":"36","author":"Ozbel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"R10-20240830","first-page":"121","article-title":"A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"45","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"British Museum (Natural History)"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3113.1987.tb00194.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Oriental region","volume":"12","author":"Lewis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Syst Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050926","article-title":"Ecotypic differentiation in the grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus: life history varies in relation to climate","volume":"121","author":"Telfer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"R13-20240830","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global warming and leishmaniasis in Italy","volume":"7","author":"Kuhn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00046-2","article-title":"The biology and control of phlebotomine sand flies","volume":"17","author":"Killick-Kendrick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"R15-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(89)90256-1","article-title":"Applications of remote sensing to the identification of the habitats of parasites and disease vectors","volume":"5","author":"Hugh-Jones","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"R16-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0603.000301","article-title":"Remote sensing and human health: new sensors and new opportunities","volume":"6","author":"Beck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-20240830","first-page":"127","article-title":"Chorionic structuring in some sand fly eggs (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"50","author":"Ward","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Entomol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.383638","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:55:51Z","timestamp":1787763351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.383638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-9062.383638","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-9062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-9062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-15","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}