{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:22:55Z","timestamp":1787768575086,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Sand flies are insects vector associated with terrestrial forest ecosystems; in the Ecuadorian Andes, they participate in the transmission of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. This geographical area is an opportunity to evaluate the role of sand flies as bioindicators od the degree of intervention of a tropical humid forest ecosystems (THF) associated with changes in the ecology of the local landscape.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n CDC-light traps were used for collecting adults\u2019 sand flies in February 2020 in a humid tropical forest within Choco Biosphere Reserve. All species were identified using morphological keys. Analysis data about abundance, richness, species accumulation, diversity index, species composition communities, species sex proportion, spatial sand flies environmental, Renyi\u2019s Diversity Profile were performed to compare six spatial habitats in Mashpi locality, Ecuador.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Sand flies were collected (n-1435); the main species are represented by\n Th. reburra Ny. trapidoi<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Pa. aclydifera<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Py. panamensis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Lu. hartmanni<\/jats:italic>\n . Only\n Th. reburra<\/jats:italic>\n is associated with not intervened forest, while the other 3 species are associated with intervened forest within Mashpi in the Choco Biosphere Reserve. The secondary forest has the major sandflies\u2019 richness, while the primary forest exhibits the major abundance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n The results indicated that\n Th. reburra<\/jats:italic>\n is a sandfly restricted to the Andean Forest and is a bioindicator of the high environmental health quality of the forest, while\n Ny. trapidoi<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Pa. aclydifera<\/jats:italic>\n are bioindicators of environmental disturbances in the forest. Additionally,\n Ps. panamensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Lu. hartmanni<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Ny. trapidoi<\/jats:italic>\n are bioindicators of human impact and the risk of leishmaniasis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.393980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:15Z","timestamp":1705622415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Indicators sand flies and environment associated to spatial landscaping change in Choco Biosphere Reserve UNESCO"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Enr\u00edquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud P\u00fablica (GIBCIZ-UCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jazzm\u00edn","family":"Arrivillaga-Henr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud P\u00fablica (GIBCIZ-UCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Vaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud P\u00fablica (GIBCIZ-UCE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateo","family":"Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Biolog\u00eda (I&B), Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenin","family":"Ron-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Alfonso","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Quito, Ecuador"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"container-title":["Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.393980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:15:15Z","timestamp":1787768115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.393980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-9062.393980","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-9062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-9062","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}