{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:09Z","timestamp":1786649769305,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain metastasis from primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is infrequent and probably under-reported thereby leading to paucity of information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Archives of two institutes in India were studied from 2005 to 2013 and relevant information regarding patient demographics, treatment details, and follow-up was obtained for patients having brain metastasis (BM) from HNSCC. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 (IBM Corporation, NY, USA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metastasis to the brain was detected in 17 patients with an HNSCC primary. The median age for diagnosis of index primary was 55 years (range (R) - 32\u201371 years) with 88% (15\/17) being male. Oral cavity was the most common site of primary disease with 35% (6\/17) followed by larynx (24%), oropharynx (18%), and hypopharynx (18%). The median stage at presentation was IVA (47%) and two (12%) were metastatic to the brain at presentation. Human papillomavirus analysis was not available for any of the patients. Neurological symptoms were complained of in 94% patients. The median BM-free-interval was 15 months (R - 1\u201367 months, SE \u00b1 5.2). While 88% had multiple brain metastases, 82% also had extracranial metastasis and in 53% of patients, the index primary was not controlled. The median overall survival of all patients after the development of BM was 2 months (R - 0.5\u20136 months, SE \u00b1 0.4).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BM in HNSCC is mostly multiple, associated with extracranial metastasis and can occur in patients without locoregional relapse or residual disease and carries a dismal outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.184525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T07:05:09Z","timestamp":1683183909000},"page":"1160-1163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Brain metastasis from nonnasopharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A case series and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sarbani","family":"Ghosh-Laskar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jai Prakash","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prahlad H.","family":"Yathiraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Tanawade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Panday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Navoday Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejpal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Budrukkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedang","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00619-0","article-title":"Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastases trials","volume":"37","author":"Gaspar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"R2-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197707)40:1<145::AID-CNCR2820400124>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"An analysis of distant metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts","volume":"40","author":"Merino","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R3-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90020-2","article-title":"Metastatic patterns in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck","volume":"154","author":"Kotwall","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R4-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.112478","article-title":"Intracranial metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"124","author":"de Bree","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R5-20260109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-012-0355-6","article-title":"HPV positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. 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