{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:53:49Z","timestamp":1780365229150,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1054,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lab Physicians"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          BACKGROUND: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) caused by enterically transmitted hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a major health problem in developing countries such as India. Despite improving sanitation, heath awareness, and socioeconomic conditions, these infections continue to occur both in sporadic as well as in epidemic forms in different parts of India<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          AIMS The aim of this study is to determine the total as well as age-specific prevalence rates of HAV and HEV in the outbreaks of waterborne hepatitis in districts surrounding Amritsar region of Punjab.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Virology Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Amritsar, during the study period of January 2015\u2013March 2016. Samples from suspected outbreaks of AVH occurring in various districts around Amritsar were included as a part of the study. A total of 95 sera were tested for IgM antibody to HEV and HAV using IgM capture ELISA kit.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          RESULTS: Out of the total 95 samples received, 73 samples (76.84%) were positive for HAV\/HEV. Out of the total positive cases, 65 (68.42%) had HEV infection, 2 (2.1%) had HAV, and 6 cases (6.31%) were coinfected with both HAV and HEV. The 21\u201330 years age group (25 cases) was identified as the most susceptible group for HEV infection. The coinfected subjects presented a wider range of age distribution (1\u201310 years: 1; 11\u201320 years: 3; 21\u201330 years: 1; 31\u201340 years: 1). Seasonal distribution of data revealed bimodal peaks for HEV infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          CONCLUSION: There should be some surveillance system to regularly monitor the portability of drinking water from time to time to avoid such preventable outbreaks in future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.199636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T08:58:08Z","timestamp":1486457888000},"page":"121-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Hepatitis E virus: A leading cause of waterborne viral hepatitis in Northwest Districts of Punjab, India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Maninder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailpreet K.","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwardeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pushpa","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nachhatar Jit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-1","first-page":"458","volume-title":"Hepatitis A and E seroprevalence and associated risk factors: A community-based cross-sectional survey in rural Amazonia","author":"Vitral","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-2","first-page":"822","volume-title":"Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection among school children in Delhi and North Indian patients with chronic liver disease: Implications for HAV vaccination","author":"Acharya","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-3","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Spectrum of acute viral hepatitis in Southern India","author":"Nandi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-4","first-page":"699","volume-title":"Epidemiological transition of hepatitis a in India: Issues for vaccination in developing countries","author":"Mathur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0971-5916","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-5","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Acute hepatitis a infection in children: A 20-year experience of a medical center in Southern Taiwan","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Taiwan"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-6","first-page":"525","volume-title":"A relapsing and protracted form of viral hepatitis A: Comparison of adults and children","author":"Str\u00e1nsk\u00fd","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vnitr Lek"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-7","first-page":"597","volume-title":"A large waterborne viral hepatitis E epidemic in Kanpur, India","author":"Naik","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-8","first-page":"872431","volume-title":"Mystery of hepatitis e virus: Recent advances in its diagnosis and management","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-9","first-page":"477","volume-title":"Contribution of hepatitis E virus in acute sporadic hepatitis in north western India","author":"Chandra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0971-5916","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-10","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Transmission, diagnosis, and management of hepatitis E: An update","author":"Mirazo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepat Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.199636-11","unstructured":"Integrated Disease Surveillance Program. 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