{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:41:17Z","timestamp":1790109677807,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We systematically reviewed the myofascial pain publications in the literature. The aim of this article is to review the methods of management and their outcome and factors associated with prognosis. The topics of interest in the diagnostic process are myofascial trigger points electromyography, jaw tracking, joint sound recorder, sonography, and vibratography, exclusion of other orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders. Management modalities are occlusal therapy, physiotherapy, multidimensional rehabilitation antinociceptive therapy, anti-inflammatory and analgesics, muscle relaxants, stretch, and spray technique, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, and in severe cases botulinum toxin may be tried. The disease required interdisciplinary interaction in terms of occlusal therapy, antinociceptive therapy and physiotherapy because management of the disease may be influenced by the specialist primarily treating the patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.154810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T02:22:03Z","timestamp":1428546123000},"page":"109-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Trends in management of myofacial pain"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Uma Shanker","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshya","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagan","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimisha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayank","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemant Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/000348943404300101","article-title":"A syndrome of ear and sinus symptoms based on disturbed function of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"43","author":"Costen","year":"1934","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"R3-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1952.11694280","article-title":"The myofascial genesis of pain","volume":"11","author":"Travell","year":"1952","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"R4-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1969.0234","article-title":"Etiology of the pain dysfunction syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Laskin","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R5-20250925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4808473","article-title":"A clinical approach to temporomandibular disorders 1. 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