{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:16Z","timestamp":1787071456845,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lichen planus is an immunologically mediated mucocutaneous disease that is triggered by varied etiological agents. The oral lichenoid reaction is considered a variant of the disease that needs to be clearly diagnosed as a separate entity from oral lichen planus and treated. They follow a strict cause-effector relationship, protocols that suggest the differentiation. Lichen planus has varied clinical forms in the oral mucosa and cutaneously that has different prognosis. This condition also arises in association with various other systemic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus. There have been cases reported in the esophagus, larynx, scalp, nail, cutaneous areas, especially arms and wrists, trunk. There is reported malignant transformation that essentiates careful examination, treatment protocol and regular follow-up sessions. This article throws light on the disease condition of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid reaction that is essential for the differentiation and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.155873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T05:42:03Z","timestamp":1430199723000},"page":"S158-S161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Oral lichen planus: An overview"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"R. Jayasri","family":"Krupaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Leena","family":"Sankari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. M. K.","family":"Masthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Rajesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.49.89","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions: Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management and malignant transformation","volume":"49","author":"Ismail","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R4-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01181.x","article-title":"Psychological factors associated with oral lichen planus","volume":"24","author":"McCartan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R5-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(98)90205-0","article-title":"Psychologic factors and oral lichen planus. A psychometric evaluation of 100 cases","volume":"86","author":"Rojo-Moreno","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R6-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00829.x","article-title":"Psychological profile in oral lichen planus","volume":"32","author":"Ivanovski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R7-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1980.tb01673.x","article-title":"Lichenoid drug eruption induced by propanolol","volume":"5","author":"Hawk","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R8-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6401.1258","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral lichenoid reactions","volume":"287","author":"Hamburger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"R9-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1980.tb01697.x","article-title":"Lichen planus caused by pyrimethamine","volume":"5","author":"Cutler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R10-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(90)90116-A","article-title":"Grinspan's syndrome: A drug-induced phenomenon?","volume":"70","author":"Lamey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R11-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70166-0","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis and lichen planus","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2001.70401.x","article-title":"Orofacial effects of antiretroviral therapies","volume":"7","author":"Scully","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R13-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2003.115","article-title":"Amalgam-contact hypersensitivity lesions and oral lichen planus","volume":"95","author":"Thornhill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R14-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3109\/00016358809004748","article-title":"Oral lichenoid reactions related to composite restorations. Preliminary report","volume":"46","author":"Lind","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"R15-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(87)80132-4","article-title":"Veterans administration cooperative studies project no. 147. Part IV: Biocompatibility of base metal alloys","volume":"58","author":"Morris","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R16-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/000155502753600876","article-title":"Contact allergy to gold is correlated to dental gold","volume":"82","author":"Ahlgren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R17-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80376-3","article-title":"Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus","volume":"24","author":"Mokni","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R18-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2005.00303.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-associated oral lichen planus: Is the geographical heterogeneity related to HLA-DR6?","volume":"34","author":"Carrozzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R19-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.03.016","article-title":"Familial oral lichen planus: Presentation of six families","volume":"102","author":"Bermejo-Fenoll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R20-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb00821.x","article-title":"HL-A antigens in lichen planus","volume":"95","author":"Lowe","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R21-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb01985.x","article-title":"Oral mucosal lesions associated with betel quid, areca nut and tobacco chewing habits: Consensus from a workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 25-27, 1996","volume":"28","author":"Zain","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R22-20250922","first-page":"244","article-title":"An oral lichen planus-like lesion in Indian betel-tobacco chewers","volume":"88","author":"Daftary","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"R23-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01221.x","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: A retrospective study of 690 British patients","volume":"12","author":"Ingafou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R24-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690110045004","article-title":"The vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome of lichen planus. The clinical characteristics of 22 patients","volume":"130","author":"Eisen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R25-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1970.04000030008002","article-title":"The nail in lichen planus","volume":"101","author":"Zaias","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R26-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(99)70057-0","article-title":"The evaluation of cutaneous, genital, scalp, nail, esophageal, and ocular involvement in patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"88","author":"Eisen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R27-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(68)90194-1","article-title":"Oral lichen planus 1. A clinical evaluation of 115 cases","volume":"25","author":"Andreasen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R28-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(72)90467-7","article-title":"Lichen planus as an oral ulcerative disease","volume":"33","author":"Shklar","year":"1972","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R29-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(97)80018-1","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis","volume":"16","author":"Eversole","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"R30-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(96)80074-6","article-title":"Vascular adhesion molecules in oral lichen planus","volume":"81","author":"Regezi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R31-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2001.70408.x","article-title":"Mast cell degranulation and the role of T cell RANTES in oral lichen planus","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R32-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01121.x","article-title":"Heat shock protein expression in oral lichen planus","volume":"24","author":"Sugerman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R33-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(81)90124-9","article-title":"Direct immunofluorescence in oral mucosal disease: A diagnostic analysis of 130 cases","volume":"51","author":"Daniels","year":"1981","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R34-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198204000-00010","article-title":"Immunofluorescence microscopy. The \u201cstring of Pearls\u201d phenomenon-an immunofluorescent serological finding in patients screened for adverse drug reactions","volume":"4","author":"McQueen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R35-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2001.0302","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: Patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses","volume":"132","author":"Chainani-Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01438291-201507001-00043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:25Z","timestamp":1787067985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01438291-201507001-00043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0975-7406.155873","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-10-31","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}