{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T02:34:32Z","timestamp":1695609272918},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2186,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder and falls under the category of paroxysmal movement disorders. In this condition, episodes are spontaneous, involuntary, and involve dystonic posturing with choreic and ballistic movements. Attacks last for minutes to hours and rarely occur more than once per day. Attacks are not typically triggered by sudden movement, but may be brought on by alcohol, caffeine, stress, fatigue, or chocolate. We report a patient with multiple atypical features of PNKD. She had a 7-year history of this condition with onset at the age of 59, and a remote history of Graves\u2019 disease requiring total thyroidectomy. The frequency of attacks in our case ranged from five to six times a day to a minimum of twice per week, and the duration of episode was short, lasting not more than 2 min. Typically, PNKDs occur at a much younger age and have longer attack durations with low frequency. Administering clonazepam worked to reduce her symptoms, although majority of previous research suggests that pharmacological interventions have poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.120226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T07:32:12Z","timestamp":1382513532000},"page":"449-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Late onset of atypical paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia with remote history of Graves\u2019 disease"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"04","author":[{"given":"Abdul Qayyum","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambreen","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Saad","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zakerabibi M.","family":"Kachhvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-1","first-page":"576","volume-title":"Complete suppression of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia by globus pallidus internus pallidal stimulation","author":"Yamada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-2","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia in a mother and daughter","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-3","first-page":"1157","volume-title":"Paraxysmal dyskinesias","author":"Kailash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-4","unstructured":"Spacey S, Adams P. Familial Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia. In: Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, Stephens K, Adam MP, editors. Seattle (WA): GeneReviews Publisher; 1993."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-5","first-page":"102","volume-title":"The paroxysmal dyskinesias","author":"van","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-6","first-page":"e250","volume-title":"Sporadic paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia: A frequently-misdiagnosed movement disorder","author":"Abhishek,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-7","first-page":"410","volume-title":"Paraxysmal dyskinesia as an unusual and only presentation of subcortical matter ischaemia: A report of two cases","author":"Norlinah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-8","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Levetiracetam-respondign paraxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia","author":"Alemdar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmcol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-9","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Fahr\u2032s disease presenting with paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia: A case report","author":"Alemdar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-10","first-page":"571","volume-title":"Paroxysmal dyskinesias: Clinical features and classification","author":"Demirkiran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.120226-11","first-page":"847","volume-title":"Bilateral deep brain stimulation for treatment of medically refractory paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia","author":"Kaufman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/0976-3147.120226.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T04:23:51Z","timestamp":1691209431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/late-onset-of-atypical-paroxysmal-non-kinesigenic-dyskinesia-with-remote-history-of-graves-disease\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-3147.120226","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-3147","0976-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-3147","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}}}