{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:16:10Z","timestamp":1789193770675,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"S 01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1760,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Focused studies on cranial neuropathy in Guillain\u2013Barr\u03b9 syndrome (GBS) and its prognostic implication are not done previously. Aim: To study the clinical profile of GBS patients with special reference to cranial neuropathy and its prognostic implication. Materials and Methods: The study included 61 patients with GB syndrome, fulfilling Asbury Cornblath\u2019s criteria for GB syndrome. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding demographic profile and clinical profile. All patients underwent detailed neurological examination, investigations including nerve conduction studies and CSF examination and treated according to the severity of the illness. Patients were followed up for 6 months. During analysis two groups were made depending on cranial nerve involvement, and compared with respect to various parameters. Results: Out of 61 patients 38 (62.3%) patients had cranial nerve palsies, in that 25 had multiple cranial nerve palsies, and 13 had single isolated nerve palsy. A majority of 30 (49.2%) had bulbar palsy, 28 (46%) had facial nerve palsy, and all had bilateral involvement except 3 patients who had unilateral palsy. Hypoglossal nerve involvement was seen in six (10%) patients and four (6.5%) patients had ophthalmoplegia. Only one had bilateral vestibulocochlear nerve palsy. On comparing various clinico-electrophysiological parameters among patients of GB syndrome with and without cranial nerve involvement, the presence of respiratory paralysis, IVIg and ventilatory support requirement had significant association with cranial nerve involvement in GBS. Conclusion: Our study found a correlation between cranial nerve palsies and severity of the illness. Cranial nerve innervated muscles recover earlier as compared to distal limb muscles. No association was found between outcome at 6 months and cranial nerve involvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.145200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T06:04:26Z","timestamp":1416549866000},"page":"S043-S047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"S","title":["A study of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome with reference to cranial neuropathy and its prognostic implication"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"05","author":[{"given":"Amita","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basavaraj F.","family":"Banakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guruprasad S.","family":"Pujar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubhakaran","family":"Khichar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-1","first-page":"471","volume-title":"Differences in patterns of progression in demyelinating and axonal Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndromes","author":"Hiraga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-2","first-page":"S92","volume-title":"Clinical and epidemiological features of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","author":"Hughes","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-3","first-page":"86","volume-title":"A clinical and electrophysiologic survey of childhood Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","author":"Hung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-4","first-page":"59","volume-title":"The Landry-Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome; a clinicopathologic report of 50 fatal cases and a critique of the literature","author":"Haymaker","year":"1949","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-5","first-page":"750","volume-title":"Controlled trial of predonisolone in acute polyneuropathy","author":"Hughes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-6","first-page":"597","volume-title":"Guillain-Barre syndrome in northern China.Relationship to Campylobactor jejuni infection and anti-glycolipid antibodies","author":"Ho","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-7","first-page":"472","volume-title":"Note sur Ia paralysie ascendante aigue","author":"Landry","year":"1859","journal-title":"Gaz Hebd Med Chir"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-8","first-page":"1462","volume-title":"Sur un syndrome de radiculo-nevrite avec hyperalbuminose du liquid cephalorachidien sans reaction cellulaire.Remarques sur les characteres clinique et graphique des reflexes tendinaux","author":"Guillain","year":"1916","journal-title":"Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-9","first-page":"71","volume-title":"The Landry-Gullian Barr\u00e9 syndrome.Complications, prognosis and natural history in 123 cases","author":"L\u00f6ffel","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-10","first-page":"168","volume-title":"Clinical profile of Guillain Barre syndrome","author":"Dhadke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winer JB, Hughes RA, Osmond C. A prospective study of acute idiopathic neuropathy. I. Clinical features and their prognostic value. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51:605-12.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.5.605"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-12","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Acute motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome with unilateral facial nerve paralysis after rotavirus gastroenteritis in a 2-year-old boy","author":"Kamihiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-13","first-page":"pii: bcr2012007077","volume-title":"Unilateral facial palsy in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS): A rare occurrence","author":"Verma","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-14","first-page":"2433","volume-title":"Sudden deafness and facial diplegia in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome: Radiological depiction of facial and acoustic nerve lesions","author":"Takazawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.145200-15","first-page":"589","volume-title":"A clinical prognostic scoring system for Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","author":"van","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/0976-3147.145200.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T00:22:12Z","timestamp":1691194932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/a-study-of-guillainbarr-syndrome-with-reference-to-cranial-neuropathy-and-its-prognostic-implication\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S 01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-3147.145200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-3147","0976-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-3147","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}