{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:28:25Z","timestamp":1771662505300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1273,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective: To study role of ankle foot orthosis (AFO) in improving locomotion and functional recovery after stroke. Setting: Neurological Rehabilitation Department of a university research tertiary hospital. Patients and Methods: AFO and activity based rehabilitation. Main Outcome Measures: Distance (meters) covered during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and speed (meter\/second) during the 10-meter walk test. Functional abilities assessed using Functional Independence Measure (FIM\u00ae). Results:  Twenty-six patients (21 male) with stroke (mean duration 196.7 days, range 45\u2013360 days) and mean age of 41.6 years (range 18\u201365 years, standard deviation [SD] 12.5) were included. Fourteen had right hemiplegia. The mean length of stay in the unit was 26.5 days (range 18\u201345 days, SD 5.5). All patients had equinus deformity with spastic foot drop and were provided with AFO. Walking endurance with 6MWT was 90 m on admission (without AFO). At discharge, it improved to 174 m with AFO and 121 m without AFOs (P &lt; 0.001-with and without AFO at discharge). Walking speed improved from 0.4 m\/s (admission) to 0.51 m\/s with AFO, P = 0.004 and 0.45 m\/s without AFO, P = 0.015) at discharge. Nine patients (34.6%) had clinically important difference-minimal clinically important difference (&gt;0.16 m\/s speed gain; &gt;50 m endurance gain) at discharge. The mean FIM\u00ae score on admission was 84.3 \u00b1 18.6. At discharge FIM\u00ae improved to 101.9 \u00b1 13.7 (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Use of AFOs improve gait parameters significantly in only one-third stroke patients in the study when combined with activity-based inpatient-rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.185507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T10:22:44Z","timestamp":1467714164000},"page":"544-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Role of ankle foot orthosis in improving locomotion and functional recovery in patients with stroke: A prospective rehabilitation study"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Sankaranarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anupam","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meeka","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun B.","family":"Taly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Thennarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-1","first-page":"1417","volume-title":"Gait training strategies to optimize walking ability in people with stroke: A synthesis of the evidence","author":"Eng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-2","first-page":"1503","volume-title":"Effect of ankle-foot orthosis on gait velocity and cadence of stroke patients: A systematic review","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-3","first-page":"550","volume-title":"The effect of an ankle-foot orthosis on walking ability in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial","author":"de","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-4","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Impact of ankle-foot orthoses on gait and leg muscle activity in adults with hemiplegia","author":"Leung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-5","first-page":"1862","volume-title":"Kinematic features of rear-foot motion using anterior and posterior ankle-foot orthoses in stroke patients with hemiplegic gait","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-6","first-page":"148","volume-title":"Spring-like Ankle Foot Orthoses reduce the energy cost of walking by taking over ankle work","author":"Bregman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-7","first-page":"331","volume-title":"New evidence for therapies in stroke rehabilitation topical collection on cardiovascular disease and stroke","author":"Dobkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-8","first-page":"CD008349","volume-title":"Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation","author":"Laver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-9","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait and balance in hemiplegic stroke patients","author":"Suh","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-10","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Stroke rehabilitation: Recent advances and future therapies","author":"Brewer","year":"2013","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-11","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Intramuscular distribution of nerves in the human triceps surae muscle: Anatomical bases for treatment of spastic drop foot with botulinum toxin","author":"Parratte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-12","first-page":"CD009689","volume-title":"Multidisciplinary rehabilitation following botulinum toxin and other focal intramuscular treatment for post-stroke spasticity","author":"Demetrios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-13","first-page":"1330","volume-title":"Botulinum toxin type A in post-stroke lower limb spasticity: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","author":"Kaji","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-14","first-page":"524","volume-title":"Objective assessment of functional ambulation in adults with hemiplegia using ankle foot orthotics after stroke","author":"Nolan","year":"2009","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-15","first-page":"600","volume-title":"Effects of botulinum toxin-A on gait velocity, step length, and base of support of patients with dynamic equinovarus foot","author":"Cioni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-16","unstructured":"Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. Buffalo (NY): University of Buffalo. Available from: http:\/\/www.udsmr.org\/.[Last cited on 2014 Dec 07]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-17","unstructured":"Kim M, Stroke H, Journals PN. Functional walk test in individuals with stroke: Relation to perceived exer. Nursing (Lond);1:4-5."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-18","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Comparison of the 2-, 6-, and 12-minute walk tests in patients with stroke","author":"Kosak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-19","first-page":"111","volume-title":"ATS statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test","author":"Crapo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-20","first-page":"484813","volume-title":"Protocol variations and six-minute walk test performance in stroke survivors: A systematic review with meta-analysis","author":"Dunn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke Res Treat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-21","first-page":"982","volume-title":"Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population","author":"Perry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-22","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Understanding gait control in post-stroke: Implications for management","author":"Verma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-23","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Rehabilitation interventions to improve locomotor outcome in chronic stroke survivors: A prospective, repeated \u2013 Measure study","author":"Srivastava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol India","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-3886","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-24","first-page":"2096","volume-title":"Improvements in speed-based gait classifications are meaningful","author":"Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-25","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Influence of stroke-related impairments on performance in 6-minute walk test","author":"Pohl","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-26","first-page":"423","volume-title":"Effect of ankle-foot orthosis on postural control after stroke: A systematic review","author":"Guerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-27","first-page":"196","volume-title":"Meaningful gait speed improvement during the first 60 days poststroke: Minimal clinically important difference","author":"Tilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-28","first-page":"1727","volume-title":"Improvement in usual gait speed predicts better survival in older adults","author":"Hardy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-29","first-page":"743","volume-title":"Meaningful change and responsiveness in common physical performance measures in older adults","author":"Perera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185507-30","first-page":"1433","volume-title":"Evaluation of the effect of ankle-foot orthosis use on balance and mobility in hemiparetic stroke patients","author":"Dogan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/0976-3147.185507.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T15:17:39Z","timestamp":1664810259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/0976-3147.185507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-3147.185507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-3147","0976-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-3147","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}}}