{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T19:08:54Z","timestamp":1722539334054},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1273,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction: Despite increasing the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has remained an under-diagnosed condition. In this study, characteristics and frequency of various risk factors of CVST patients in a tertiary referral hospital were closely assessed. Methods: Patients with an unequivocal diagnosis of CVST confirmed by MRI and magnetic resonance venography during 6 years of the study were included. All data from the onset of symptoms regarding clinical signs and symptoms, hospital admission, seasonal distribution, medical and drug history, thrombophilic profile, D-dimer, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid findings, mortality, and outcome were collected and closely analyzed. Result: A total of 53 patients with female to male ratio of 3.07 and mean age of 33.7 years were included in the study. Headache and papilledema were the most frequent clinical features (44 and 36 patients, respectively). An underlying disease (diagnosed previously or after admission) was the most common identified risk factor for CVST in both females and males (21 patients). A total of 15 women used the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) where 12 of them had simultaneously other predisposing factors. Overall, 19 patients (36%) had more than one contributing factor. D-dimer had a sensitivity of 71.4% in CVST patients. The mortality of patients in this study was 3.7% (n = 2). Focal neurologic deficit and multicranial nerve palsy were associated with poor outcome which defined as death, recurrence, and massive intracranial hemorrhage due to anticoagulation (P = 0.050 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Unlike most of the CVST studies in which OCP was the main factor; in this study, an underlying disease was the most identified cause. Considering the high probability of multiple risk factors in CVST that was shown by this study, appropriate work up should be noted to uncover them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.185512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T10:22:44Z","timestamp":1467714164000},"page":"554-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical features, risk factors, and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis in Tehran, Iran"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Samira","family":"Yadegari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro.ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Askar","family":"Ghorbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S Roohollah","family":"Miri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Institute of Cancer, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Medical Students, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Medical Students, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-1","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis in a Mexican multicenter registry of acute cerebrovascular disease: The RENAMEVASC study","author":"Ruiz-Sandoval","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-2","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis","author":"Weimar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-3","first-page":"513","volume-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis \u2013 Clinical presentations","author":"Mehndiratta","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-4","first-page":"230","volume-title":"The risk factors and the treatment course of cerebral venous thrombosis: An experience of 41 cases","author":"Sahraian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-5","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis: A case series analysis","author":"Ashjazadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-6","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis in adults in Isfahan, Iran: Frequency and seasonal variation","author":"Janghorbani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-7","first-page":"805","volume-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in iran: Cumulative data, shortcomings and future directions","author":"Borhani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-8","first-page":"12","volume-title":"D-dimer and clinicoradiologic features in cerebral venous thrombosis","author":"Hiltunen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-9","first-page":"664","volume-title":"Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: Results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT)","author":"Ferro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-10","first-page":"1791","volume-title":"Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses","author":"Stam","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-11","first-page":"474","volume-title":"Cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis in Isfahan-Iran: A changing profile","author":"Saadatnia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-12","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis \u2013 Clinical features, predisposing and prognostic factors","author":"Azin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-13","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Low-oestrogen oral contraceptives as a major risk factor for cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis: Evidence from a clinical series","author":"Buccino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-14","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Contribution of multiple thrombophilic and transient risk factors in the development of cerebral venous thrombosis","author":"Libourel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-15","first-page":"620","volume-title":"Risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis and deep venous thrombosis in patients aged between 15 and 50 years","author":"Koopman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-16","first-page":"2356","volume-title":"Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis in women","author":"Coutinho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-17","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis in Kuwait.Clinical presentation, risk factors, and management","author":"Vembu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-18","first-page":"582","volume-title":"D-dimer testing in the diagnosis of cerebral vein thrombosis: A systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature","author":"Dentali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-19","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Thrombophilia and varicella zoster in children","author":"Ferrara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.185512-20","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Thrombosis and a hypercoagulable state in HIV-infected patients","author":"Shen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural 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