{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T03:26:07Z","timestamp":1761017167503},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"S 01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1028,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction: With the advancement of therapeutics, newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) like Levetiracetam (LEV), with good therapeutic efficacy and tolerability are available. But unfortunately, therapeutic drug monitoring is not routinely done in India for these drugs. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the range of serum levels of LEV in patients at stabilized doses and correlate them with their clinical course. Materials and Methods: Patients with epilepsy and started on LEV were enrolled from the Neurology Department after the Ethics Committee approval. Serum levels of LEV were estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography and correlated with patient demographics, dosage, dosage forms, concomitant AEDs, compliance of the patient, therapeutic effect, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and suspected toxicity. Results: Serum levels of LEV ranged from 0.4 to 102.2 \u03bcg\/ml at different time points and demonstrated a negligible positive correlation with age of the patients (r = 0.12) but negligible negative correlation with bodyweight (r = \u22120.19). No conclusive relationship could be established for dose, gender, dosage forms, clinical efficacy (seizure frequency), ADRs, and toxicity. Compliance was verified in all the patients. Levels were found to reduce with the use of concomitant enzyme inducer drugs (56.78%) whereas increase with valproic acid (7.8%). Conclusion: These findings emphasize the need for monitoring the serum levels of newer AEDs like LEV considering the various parameters studied here, so as to maintain the therapeutic efficacy by preventing under or over dosage and to generate a broader database of serum levels of LEV in the Indian population to help appropriate prescribing with more confidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.196445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,26]],"date-time":"2016-12-26T04:15:19Z","timestamp":1482725719000},"page":"S031-S036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"S","title":["An Analytical Study to Correlate Serum Levels of Levetiracetam with Clinical Course in Patients with Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"07","author":[{"given":"Varun","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanchan","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-1","first-page":"1228","volume-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of old and newer anti-epileptic drugs","author":"Neels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-2","first-page":"1239","volume-title":"Antiepileptic drugs \u2013 Best practice guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring: A position paper by the subcommission on therapeutic drug monitoring, ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies","author":"Patsalos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-3","unstructured":"Steinle R. Measurement of Levetiracetam in Serum or Plasma by Homogeneous Immunoassay. Cleveland Ohio; 2011. Available from: http:\/\/www.clevelandcliniclabs.com\/portals\/66\/PDF\/TechBriefs\/LevetiracetamTech Brief.pdf. [Last cited on 2013 Dec 02]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Usefulness of monitoring free (unbound) concentrations of therapeutic drugs in patient management","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-5","first-page":"1909","volume-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of the newer anti-epilepsy medications","author":"Krasowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-6","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam","author":"Radtke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-7","first-page":"146","volume-title":"An initial experience with therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam as reported from a pediatric clinical setting in India","author":"Mathew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol India","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-3886","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-8","unstructured":"Hinkle DE, Wiersma W, Jurs SG. Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 5th ed. Boston: Wadsworth Publishers; 2003."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-9","first-page":"690","volume-title":"Serum concentrations of levetiracetam in epileptic patients: The influence of dose and co-medication","author":"May","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-10","first-page":"1351","volume-title":"Effect of age and comedication on levetiracetam pharmacokinetics and tolerability","author":"Hirsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-11","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Pharmacokinetic variability of four newer antiepileptic drugs, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate: A comparison of the impact of age and comedication","author":"Johannessen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-12","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Levetiracetam therapeutic monitoring in patients with epilepsy: Effect of concomitant antiepileptic drugs","author":"Contin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-13","first-page":"624","volume-title":"Correlation between efficacy of levetiracetam and serum levels among children with refractory epilepsy","author":"Sheinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-14","first-page":"503","volume-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in Japanese and Western adults","author":"Pigeolet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-15","first-page":"1370","volume-title":"Levetiracetam: Relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of a 10% oral solution (750 mg) and 750-mg tablets","author":"Coupez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-16","first-page":"437","volume-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam and lamotrigine: Is there a need?","author":"Naik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-17","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Age and comedications influence levetiracetam pharmacokinetics in children","author":"Dahlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.196445-18","first-page":"507","volume-title":"Levetiracetam in the treatment of epilepsy","author":"Abou-Khalil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/0976-3147.196445.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T00:19:23Z","timestamp":1691194763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/an-analytical-study-to-correlate-serum-levels-of-levetiracetam-with-clinical-course-in-patients-with-epilepsy\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S 01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-3147.196445","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-3147","0976-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-3147","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}}}