{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:00:42Z","timestamp":1790161242040,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asian J Androl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682x.153847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T07:45:57Z","timestamp":1427096757000},"page":"554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Negative biomarker based male fertility evaluation: Sperm phenotypes associated with molecular-level anomalies"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Sutovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Aarabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Miranda-Vizuete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Oko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-1","first-page":"208","volume-title":"Repeatability of measurements on human, rabbit, and bull sperm by computer-assisted sperm analysis when comparing individual fields and means of 12 fields","author":"Farrell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-2","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Flow cytometric methods for sperm assessment","author":"Robles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-3","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Fluorescence technologies for evaluating male gamete (dys) function","author":"Petrunkina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-4","first-page":"620","volume-title":"Dual DNA staining assessment of bovine sperm viability using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide","author":"Garner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-5","first-page":"384","volume-title":"Mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA stainability in human sperm cells: a flow cytometry analysis with implications for male infertility","author":"Troiano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-6","first-page":"248","volume-title":"Rapid analysis of normal and abnormal cell types in human semen and testis biopsies by flow cytometry","author":"Evenson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-7","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Molecular markers of sperm quality","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-8","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Relative levels of semen platelet activating factor-receptor (PAFr) and ubiquitin in yearling bulls with high content of semen white blood cells: implications for breeding soundness evaluation","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-9","first-page":"34971","volume-title":"Spermatocyte\/spermatid-specific thioredoxin-3, a novel Golgi apparatus-associated thioredoxin, is a specific marker of aberrant spermatogenesis","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-10","first-page":"420","volume-title":"Redox regulation of fertilisation and the spermatogenic process","author":"Fujii","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-11","first-page":"1557","volume-title":"Principles in redox signaling: from chemistry to functional significance","author":"Bindoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-12","first-page":"31567","volume-title":"Characterization of Sptrx, a novel member of the thioredoxin family specifically expressed in human spermatozoa","author":"Miranda-Vizuete","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-13","first-page":"1077","volume-title":"Sptrx-2, a fusion protein composed of one thioredoxin and three tandemly repeated NDP-kinase domains is expressed in human testis germ cells","author":"Sadek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Cells"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu Y, Oko R, Miranda-Vizuete A. Developmental expression of spermatid-specific thioredoxin-1 protein: transient association to the longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath during sperm tail formation. Biol Reprod 2002; 67: 1546-54.","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.004838"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-15","first-page":"44874","volume-title":"Cloning and developmental analysis of murid spermatid-specific thioredoxin-2 (SPTRX-2), a novel sperm fibrous sheath protein and autoantigen","author":"Miranda-Vizuete","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-16","first-page":"872","volume-title":"Functional deletion of Txndc2 and Txndc3 increases the susceptibility of spermatozoa to age-related oxidative stress","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-17","first-page":"13133","volume-title":"Characterization of human thioredoxin-like 2.A novel microtubule-binding thioredoxin expressed predominantly in the cilia of lung airway epithelium and spermatid manchette and axoneme","author":"Sadek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-18","first-page":"3336","volume-title":"A common variant in combination with a nonsense mutation in a member of the thioredoxin family causes primary ciliary dyskinesia","author":"Duriez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-19","first-page":"899","volume-title":"Thioredoxin-like protein 2 is overexpressed in colon cancer and promotes cancer cell metastasis by interaction with ran","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-20","first-page":"244","volume-title":"High throughput, parallel imaging and biomarker quantification of human spermatozoa by ImageStream flow cytometry","author":"Buckman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-21","first-page":"e61000","volume-title":"Semen levels of spermatid-specific thioredoxin-3 correlate with pregnancy rates in ART couples","author":"Buckman","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-22","first-page":"120","volume-title":"Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase: current research with special reference to human disease","author":"Holmgren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-23","first-page":"2271","volume-title":"Clinical adaptation of the sperm ubuquitin tag immunoassay (SUTI): relationship of sperm ubiquitylation with sperm quality in gradient-purified semen samples from 93 men from a general infertility clinic population","author":"Ozanon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-24","first-page":"1393","volume-title":"Dual function of the selenoprotein PHGPx during sperm maturation","author":"Ursini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-25","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Selenium, a key element in spermatogenesis and male fertility","author":"Boitani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-26","first-page":"3233","volume-title":"Mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase 4 disruption causes male infertility","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Identification, expression pattern, and characterization of mouse glutaredoxin 2 isoforms","author":"Hudemann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-28","first-page":"781","volume-title":"Multiple functions of peroxiredoxins: peroxidases, sensors and regulators of the intracellular messenger H2O2, and protein chaperones","author":"Rhee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-29","first-page":"1539","volume-title":"Thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, and peroxiredoxins - molecular mechanisms and health significance: from cofactors to antioxidants to redox signaling","author":"Hanschmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-30","first-page":"1168","volume-title":"Peroxiredoxin 2 and peroxidase enzymatic activity of mammalian spermatozoa","author":"Manandhar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-31","first-page":"39002","volume-title":"Identification and characterization of alternatively transcribed form of peroxiredoxin IV gene that is specifically expressed in spermatids of postpubertal mouse testis","author":"Yim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-32","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Peroxiredoxin 4 knockout results in elevated spermatogenic cell death via oxidative stress","author":"Iuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-33","first-page":"1342","volume-title":"Low amounts and high thiol oxidation of peroxiredoxins in spermatozoa from infertile men","author":"Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-34","first-page":"842","volume-title":"Peroxiredoxin I in sperm and reactive oxygen species in seminal plasma in patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-35","first-page":"373","volume-title":"The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: destruction for the sake of construction","author":"Glickman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-36","first-page":"1665","volume-title":"A putative, ubiquitin-dependent mechanism for the recognition and elimination of defective spermatozoa in the mammalian epididymis","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-37","first-page":"636","volume-title":"Sperm ubiquitination in epididymal feline semen","author":"Vernocchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-38","first-page":"684","volume-title":"Mechanism of extracellular ubiquitination in the mammalian epididymis","author":"Baska","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-39","first-page":"394","volume-title":"Nature\u2032s ingenuity: bypassing the classical secretory route via apocrine secretion","author":"Hermo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-40","first-page":"1405","volume-title":"Sperm survival versus degradation in the Mammalian epididymis: a hypothesis","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-41","first-page":"679","volume-title":"Cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic aggregates in the epididymis","author":"Cornwall","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-42","first-page":"500","volume-title":"Extracellular quality control in the epididymis","author":"Cornwall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-43","first-page":"406","volume-title":"Ubiquitin-dependent sperm quality control mechanism recognizes spermatozoa with DNA defects as revealed by dual ubiquitin-TUNEL assay","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-44","first-page":"436","volume-title":"Protein expression pattern of PAWP in bull spermatozoa is associated with sperm quality and fertility following artificial insemination","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-45","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Rebuttal of a role for the epididymis in sperm quality control by phagocytosis of defective sperm","author":"Cooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-46","first-page":"653","volume-title":"A dense network of dendritic cells populates the murine epididymis","author":"Da","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-47","first-page":"755","volume-title":"Mononuclear phagocytes rapidly clear apoptotic epithelial cells in the proximal epididymis","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-48","first-page":"250","volume-title":"Ubiquitin-based sperm assay for the diagnosis of male factor infertility","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-49","first-page":"1168","volume-title":"Adaptation of ubiquitin-PNA based sperm quality assay for semen evaluation by a conventional flow cytometer and a dedicated platform for flow cytometric semen analysis","author":"Odhiambo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-50","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Role of platelet-activating factor in reproduction: sperm function","author":"Roudebush","year":"2001","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-51","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Increased conception rates in beef cattle inseminated with nanopurified bull semen","author":"Odhiambo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-52","first-page":"688","volume-title":"Differential ubiquitination of stallion sperm proteins: possible implications for infertility and reproductive seasonality","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-53","first-page":"704","volume-title":"Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase and ubiquitin as fertility markers in boars","author":"Lovercamp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-54","first-page":"275","volume-title":"SNARE proteins and caveolin-1 in stallion spermatozoa: possible implications for fertility","author":"Gamboa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-55","first-page":"340","volume-title":"Immunofluorescence reveals ubiquitination of retained distal cytoplasmic droplets on ejaculated porcine spermatozoa","author":"Kuster","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-56","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Increased sperm ubiquitination correlates with abnormal chromatin integrity","author":"Hodjat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-57","first-page":"628","volume-title":"Increased levels of sperm ubiquitin correlate with semen quality in men from an andrology laboratory clinic population","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-58","first-page":"2119","volume-title":"Sperm ubiquitination in patients with dysplasia of the fibrous sheath","author":"Rawe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-59","first-page":"818","volume-title":"Ubiquitination and its influence in boar sperm physiology and cryopreservation","author":"Purdy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-60","first-page":"204","volume-title":"Proper ubiquitination effect on the fertilisation outcome post-ICSI","author":"Eskandari-Shahraki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-61","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Evaluation of ubiquitin and annexin V in sperm population selected based on density gradient centrifugation and zeta potential (DGC-Zeta)","author":"Zarei-Kheirabadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-62","first-page":"1035","volume-title":"Sperm ubiquitination positively correlates to normal morphology in human semen","author":"Muratori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-63","first-page":"12164","volume-title":"PAWP, a sperm-specific WW domain-binding protein, promotes meiotic resumption and pronuclear development during fertilization","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-64","first-page":"471","volume-title":"The postacrosomal assembly of sperm head protein, PAWP, is independent of acrosome formation and dependent on microtubular manchette transport","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-65","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Biogenesis of sperm perinuclear theca and its role in sperm functional competence and fertilization","author":"Oko","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-66","first-page":"1182","volume-title":"Novel aspect of perinuclear theca assembly revealed by immunolocalization of non-nuclear somatic histones during bovine spermiogenesis","author":"Tovich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-67","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Interactions of sperm perinuclear theca with the oocyte: implications for oocyte activation, anti-polyspermy defense, and assisted reproduction","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-68","first-page":"4434","volume-title":"Sperm-derived WW domain-binding protein, PAWP, elicits calcium oscillations and oocyte activation in humans and mice","author":"Aarabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-69","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Sperm-borne protein, PAWP, initiates zygotic development in Xenopus laevis by eliciting intracellular calcium release","author":"Aarabi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-70","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Sperm content of postacrosomal WW binding protein is related to fertilization outcomes in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology","author":"Aarabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-71","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Glycoconjugates of human sperm surface.A study with fluorescent lectin conjugates and Lens culinaris agglutinin affinity chromatography","author":"Kallajoki","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int Rep"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-72","first-page":"282","volume-title":"Lectin binding sites on human sperm and spermatogenic cells","author":"Lee","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-73","first-page":"619","volume-title":"Glycocalyx characterisation and glycoprotein expression of Sus domesticus epididymal sperm surface samples","author":"F\u00e0brega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-74","first-page":"747","volume-title":"Biochemical identification and characterisation of changes associated with capacitation of mannosylated glycoproteins in murine sperm","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-75","unstructured":"Baska KM, Sutovsky P. Protein modification by ubiquitination and is consequences for spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, fertilization and pre-implantation embryonic development. In: Tokumoto T, editor. New Impact on Protein Modifications in the Regulation of Reproductive System. Kerala: Research Signpost; 2005. p. 83-114."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-76","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Sperm arylsulfatase A binds to mZP2 and mZP3 glycoproteins in a nonenzymatic manner","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-77","first-page":"1828","volume-title":"A triple-stain flow cytometric method to assess plasma- and acrosome-membrane integrity of cryopreserved bovine sperm immediately after thawing in presence of egg-yolk particles","author":"Nagy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-78","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Analysis of sperm cell viability, acrosomal integrity, and mitochondrial function using flow cytometry","author":"Graham","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-79","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Biomarker-based nanotechnology for the improvement of reproductive performance in beef and dairy cattle","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind Biotechnol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-80","first-page":"560","volume-title":"Assisted oocyte activation following ICSI fertilization failure","author":"Vanden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-81","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Isolated teratozoospermia: a cause of male sterility in the era of ICSI?","author":"Francavilla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1008-682X.153847-82","first-page":"457","volume-title":"Genetic sperm defects","author":"Chenoweth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:27:00Z","timestamp":1786649220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1008-682X.153847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"alternative-id":["153847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1008-682x.153847","relation":{},"ISSN":["1008-682X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1008-682X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}