{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:02:53Z","timestamp":1754557373295},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1526,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intensification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and rising frequency of immunocompromised individuals have resulted in a resurgence of opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic oral fungal infection in HIV-positive individuals is oral candidiasis. The classical presentation is as white scrapable form called as thrush, which is easily diagnosed and treated. The clinician is presented with a diagnostic and management dilemma when these lesions appear in new facades such as erythematous candidiasis, the latter's prevalence with HIV and AIDS being well established. In this case report, we present a case of Erythematous Candidiasis, which was associated with type 1 HIV co-infected with syphilis. We highlight the diagnostic importance of a naive looking manifestation of the tongue which was followed by a series of challenging presentations of secondary syphilis. Since the patient had a negative Veneral Disease Research Laboratory and left us with a management dilemma, the article also features the importance of prozone phenomenon (seen in 2% cases of secondary syphilis), and it's higher association with HIV co-infected individuals. With confusing clinical oral manifestations associated with these diseases, the dentist might be the first person to encounter such lesions, who should be able to recognize erythematous candidiasis and correlate them with the underlying pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.163219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T06:54:39Z","timestamp":1440140079000},"page":"449-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Erythematous candidiasis leading to systemic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus co-infection with secondary syphilis: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"09","author":[{"given":"Swastika","family":"Suvirya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyotsana","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranjitkumar","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-1","first-page":"384","volume-title":"Oral manifestations of viral infections in immunocompromised patients","author":"Schubert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr Opin Dent"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-2","first-page":"1339","volume-title":"Oral candidiasis in HIV infection: Pseudomembranous and erythematous candidiasis show similar rates of progression to AIDS","author":"Dodd","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-3","first-page":"456","volume-title":"Syphilis and HIV: A dangerous combination","author":"Lynn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-4","first-page":"153","volume-title":"The prozone phenomenon in secondary syphilis","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-5","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Oral candidal infections and antimycotics","author":"Ellepola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-6","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Oral mycoses in HIV infection","author":"Samaranayake","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-7","first-page":"418","volume-title":"The prevalence of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected individuals and dental attenders in Edinburgh","author":"Felix","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-8","unstructured":"Rowley J, Toskin I, Ndowa F. Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections, 2008 (WHO, Geneva): World Health Organization; 2012."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis","author":"Larsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.163219-10","first-page":"549","volume-title":"Treponemal specific tests for the serodiagnosis of syphilis.Syphilis and HIV Study Group","author":"Augenbraun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/1305-7456.163219.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T06:46:59Z","timestamp":1567666019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/1305-7456.163219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1305-7456.163219","relation":{},"ISSN":["1305-7456","1305-7464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1305-7456","type":"print"},{"value":"1305-7464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}}}