{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T13:10:39Z","timestamp":1770469839161,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1088,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective: The aim of this study was to prove that administrating L. reuteri probiotics can increase the level of BD-2 saliva and BD-2 expression in the epithelial parotid glands of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Experimental design in this study was randomized control group post test only. Twenty-four white male Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats were divided into four groups. The negative control group included rats not induced by S. mutans whereas the positive control group included rats induced by S. mutans. The two treatment groups are as follows: treatment 1 (T1), the group that is induced for 14 days by L. reuteri and 7 days by S. mutans and treatment 2 (T2), the group which is induced simultaneously by S. mutans and L. reuteri for 14 days. L. reuteri culture at a concentration of 108 colony-forming unit\/ ml and S. mutans culture at a concentration of 1010 are induced in the oral cavity of the Wistar rats. The Elisa technique is used to examine the salivary level of BD-2, whereas the immunohistochemical technique is used to examine the BD-2 expression in the epithelial salivary glands. Results: The study shows the increasing levels of BD-2 and BD-2 expression in the epithelial parotid glands after the administration of L. reuteri probiotics. Besides, there is a relationship between the increasing expression of BD-2 in the epithelial parotid glands with the decreasing amount of S. mutans. Conclusion: Giving L. reuteri probiotic scan increases the level of saliva of BD-2 and the expression of BD-2 in the parotid glands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.195161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T08:49:08Z","timestamp":1480927748000},"page":"556-560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The level of beta defensin-2 in saliva and its expression in parotid gland epithelial cells after probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri) induction to inhibit Streptococcus mutans in caries"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tuti","family":"Kusumaningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Subijanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Retno","family":"Indrawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Rini","family":"Devijanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-1","first-page":"158","volume-title":"Quantitative assessment of IgA levels in the unstimulated whole saliva of caries-free and caries-active children","author":"Shifa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0970-4388","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-2","unstructured":"National Report. Basic Health Research. Jakarta: Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Health of Indonesian Republic; 2007. p. 140."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-3","unstructured":"Basic Health Research of East Java Province. Jakarta: Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Health of Indonesian Republic; 2007. p. 143."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-4","first-page":"3883","volume-title":"Salivary antimicrobial peptide expression and dental caries experience in children","author":"Tao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ant Agent and Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-5","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Antimicrobial peptides in the oral environment: Expression and function in health and disease","author":"Dale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-6","first-page":"S13","volume-title":"Oral antimicrobial peptides and biological control of caries","author":"Dale","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-7","first-page":"392","volume-title":"Human gut microbita and its relationship to health and disease","author":"Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews Vol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-8","unstructured":"Lamont RJ, Burne RA, Lantz MS, Leblanc DJ. The Oral Environment-Oral Microbiology and The Immune response, American Society for Microbiology Press 2006:201-29."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-9","first-page":"1176","volume-title":"Colonization and immunomodulation by Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 in the human gastrointestinal tract","author":"Valeur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-10","first-page":"964","volume-title":"Effect of inoculum size and frequency on the establishment of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavities of experimental animals","author":"Ooshima","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-11","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Immunolocalization of AQP-5 in Rat Parotid and Submandibular Salivary Glands After Stimulation of Secretion in vivo","author":"Gresz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointes Liver Physiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-12","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Measurement of microbial cells by optical density","author":"Sutton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Validation Technol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-13","first-page":"1041","volume-title":"Histopathological evaluation of apoptosis in cancer","author":"Soini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-14","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Detection of apoptosis cells in tumour paraffin sections","author":"Pizem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-15","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Oral streptococci exhibit diverse susceptibility to human beta-defensin-2: Antimicrobial effects of hBD-2 on oral streptococci","author":"Nishimura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-16","first-page":"352","volume-title":"Mouse salivary glands and human \u03b2-defensin-2 as a study model for antimicrobial gene therapy: Technical considerations","author":"Yin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-17","first-page":"710","volume-title":"Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity","author":"Ganz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-18","first-page":"583","volume-title":"Paneth cell trypsin is the processing enzyme for human defensin-5","author":"Ghosh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-19","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Defensins in saliva and the salivary glands","author":"Abiko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Electron Microsc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-20","first-page":"2399","volume-title":"Induction of human beta-defensin 2 by the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is mediated through flagellin","author":"Schlee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.195161-21","first-page":"682","volume-title":"Synergism between TLRs and NOD1\/2 in oral epithelial cells","author":"Uehara","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dent Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/1305-7456.195161.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T23:04:28Z","timestamp":1569366268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/1305-7456.195161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1305-7456.195161","relation":{},"ISSN":["1305-7456","1305-7464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1305-7456","type":"print"},{"value":"1305-7464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}}}