{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:49:20Z","timestamp":1790423360670,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":997,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective: Growth prediction plays a significant role in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontics patients. It was hypothesized that the unique pattern of pneumatization of the frontal sinus as a component of craniofacial structure would influence the skeletal growth pattern and may be used as a growth predictor. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 subjects (78 females and 66 males) with a mean age of 19.26 \u00b1 4.66 years were included in this retrospective study. Posterior-anterior and lateral cephalograms (LCs) were used to measure the frontal sinus dimensions. The skeletal growth pattern and relations of craniofacial structures were analyzed on LC using variables for sagittal and vertical analyses. Correlation between the frontal sinus dimensions and cephalometric indices was assessed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The SN-FH and SNA angles had significant associations with frontal sinus dimensions in all enrolled subjects (P &lt; 0.05). In males, the SN-FH, sum of posterior angles, Pal-SN, and Jarabak index were significantly associated with the size of frontal sinus (P &lt; 0.05). In females, the associations of SN-FH and gonial angles with frontal sinus dimensions were significant (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that larger size of frontal sinus was associated with reduced inclination of the anterior cranial base, increased anterior facial height (in males), and increased gonial angle (in females) in the study population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.202630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T09:35:24Z","timestamp":1490088924000},"page":"064-070","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Correlation between frontal sinus dimensions and cephalometric indices: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Azita","family":"Tehranchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed Reza","family":"Motamedian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Saedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Research institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sattar","family":"Kabiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shireen","family":"Shidfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-1","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Facial growth prediction: A comparison of methodologies","author":"Turchetta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-2","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Prediction of mandibular growth in Japanese children age 4 to 9 years","author":"Oueis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-3","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Assessment of symphysis morphology as a predictor of the direction of mandibular growth","author":"Aki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-4","first-page":"20659","volume-title":"Receptor activator of NF-kappa B and osteoprotegerin expression by human microvascular endothelial cells, regulation by inflammatory cytokines, and role in human osteoclastogenesis","author":"Collin-Osdoby","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-5","first-page":"542","volume-title":"The frontal sinus and mandibular growth prediction","author":"Rossouw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-6","first-page":"117","volume-title":"The depth of the mandibular antegonial notch as an indicator of mandibular growth potential","author":"Singer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-7","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Dimensional differences in the craniofacial morphologies of groups with deep and shallow mandibular antegonial notching","author":"Lambrechts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-8","first-page":"10","volume-title":"The first cervical vertebra as an indicator of mandibular growth","author":"Huggare","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-9","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Analysis of paranasal sinus development and anatomical variations: A CT genetic study in twins","author":"Chaiyasate","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-10","first-page":"690","volume-title":"Why paranasal sinuses?","author":"Blaney","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-11","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Acromegaly","author":"Chanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-12","first-page":"4","volume-title":"A cephalometric study of frontal sinus and its relation with craniofacial patterns","author":"Prashar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0976-4003","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-13","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Development of the frontal sinus in relation to somatic and skeletal maturity.A cephalometric roentgenographic study at puberty","author":"Ruf","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-14","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Association of frontal sinus development with somatic and skeletal maturation in Aboriginal Australians: A longitudinal study","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Homo"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-15","first-page":"451","volume-title":"The frontal sinus enlargement as an indicator of growth maturity in Class III patients \u2013 A pilot study","author":"Guevara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-16","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Classification system of frontal sinus patterns by radiography.Its application to identification of unknown skeletal remains","author":"Yoshino","year":"1987","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-17","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Frontal sinus size in Eskimo populations","author":"Hanson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-18","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Area evaluation using image processing tools: An applied study to pressure ulcer monitoring","author":"Santana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Image Anal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-19","unstructured":"Rakosi T, Jonas I, Graber TM. Orthodontic Diagnosis. Foreword by Moyers RE. [Translation by Reule-Giles Dental Service]. Stuttgart, New York: G. Thieme Verlag, Thieme Medical Publishers; 1993. p. 179-205."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1305-7456.202630-20","unstructured":"Sadler TW, Langman J. Langman's Essential Medical Embryology. Vol. 1. 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