{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:21:17Z","timestamp":1787775677617,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), leading to chronic kidney disease\/end-stage renal disease. Wide spectrum of nondiabetic renal diseases (NDRD) is reported in type-2 diabetes (type-2 DM). We carried out this single-center study to find clinical, laboratory, and histological features of NDRD in type-2 DM patients and to assess the prevalence of NDRD in India. A single-center retrospective study which included analysis of renal biopsies from patients with type-2 DM, performed between January 2008 and September 2016. Biopsy findings were categorized into three groups, Group-I (isolated NDRD); Group-II (NDRD superimposed on underlying DN); and Group-III (isolated DN). Out of 152 diabetic patients (111 males and 41 females), 35 (23.03%) patients were of Group-I (isolated NDRD), 35 (23.03%) of Group-II (NDRD superimposed on underlying DN), and 82 (53.95%) of Group-III (isolated DN). The mean age (in years) was 55.08 \u00b1 10.71, 55.65 \u00b1 8.71, and 54.45 \u00b1 9.01 respectively in Group-I, II, and III. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) was the most common clinical presentation in all groups. Duration of DM was significantly shorter in Group-I than in Group-II. Diabetic retinopathy was absent in Group-I. Proteinuria was more in Group-III than Group-I. Low serum C3 and\/or C4 levels was observed in five (14.29%) cases of Group-I and Group-II each and two (2.43%) cases of Group-III. Nearly, 70 (46.05%) patients were found to have NDRD either in isolated form or as combined lesions. The most common histological types of NDRD were acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (38.57%) followed by benign nephrosclerosis (15.72%), membranous nephropathy (10%), IgA nephropathy (7.14%), and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (7.14%). The incidence of NDRD (with\/without DN) in type-2 DM is very high. Shorter duration of diabetes, hematuria, absence of retinopathy, low serum complement levels, and nephrotic range proteinuria are predictors of NDRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.220877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T23:35:26Z","timestamp":1513640126000},"page":"1330-1337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinicopathological Study of Nondiabetic Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kamal V.","family":"Kanodia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna V.","family":"Vanikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovelesh","family":"Nigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi D.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh S.","family":"Suthar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50077","article-title":"Progression of diabetic nephropathy","volume":"41","author":"Kikkawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R2-11-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70035-1","article-title":"Endstage renal failure in type 2 diabetes: A medical catastrophe of worldwide dimensions","volume":"34","author":"Ritz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R3-11-20260302","first-page":"194","article-title":"Non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM)","volume":"61","author":"Prakash","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R4-11-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1999.40.4.321","article-title":"Non-diabetic renal disease in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"R5-11-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1159\/000188019","article-title":"Nondiabetic renal disease in noninsulin-dependent diabetics in a South Indian hospital","volume":"67","author":"John","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"R6-11-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/7.12.1258","article-title":"Increased prevalence of non-diabetic renal pathology in type II diabetes mellitus","volume":"7","author":"Kleinknecht","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R7-11-20260302","first-page":"415","article-title":"Non-diabetic renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"49","author":"Prakash","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R8-11-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.8.1846","article-title":"Identification of non-diabetic glomerular disease in renal biopsies from diabetics - 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