{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:27:06Z","timestamp":1786728426290,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The morbidity and mortality rates of transplant nephrectomy are closely related to the indications of nephrectomy. This study evaluates the indications, etiology, and complications of graft nephrectomies for commercial kidney transplantation (CKT). Data were analyzed retrospectively for graft nephrectomies for CKT from January 2009 to December 2017 at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman. Four hundred and three patients received CKT and 34 patients required a nephrectomy. Twenty-five patients had a nephrectomy within 10 weeks of CKT in the early group, and nine patients in the late group had the graft removed later than 10 weeks. Indications for nephrectomy in the early group were acute bleeding, infarcted kidney, and pyonephrosis in 7, 11, and 7 patients, respectively; in the late group, the indications were: pain, hematuria, fever, hypertension, and infection. Overall, seven patients had major blood loss, and those patients who had a pseudoaneurysm had tissue cultures that were positive for the fungus. Postoperative complications occurred in 26 patients. There was acute bleeding in three patients from the external iliac artery at the site of the previous anastomosis, and, in all three cases, the external iliac artery was ligated. There were 12 major wound infections, and three patients died from overwhelming sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Commercial transplants carry a high risk of immunological, vascular, and infectious complications, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.384186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T04:44:50Z","timestamp":1692679490000},"page":"S138-S146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Challenge of Graft Nephrectomy after Transplant Tourism"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sadiq","family":"Lala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Sedky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Alozeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurian","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Al Ismaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Masiah","family":"Metry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issa","family":"Al Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2016.09.001","article-title":"Epidemiological transition of end-stage kidney disease in Oman","volume":"2","author":"Al Ismaili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"R2-20230915","first-page":"263","article-title":"Kidney disease in Oman: A view of the current and future landscapes","volume":"11","author":"Al Alawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R3-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1258\/shorts.2012.011150","article-title":"Epidemiology of end-stage renal disease in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Hassanien","year":"2012","journal-title":"JRSM Short Rep"},{"key":"R4-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.883887","article-title":"Transplant nephrectomy: What are the surgical risks?","volume":"18","author":"Alberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Transplant"},{"key":"R5-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.7182\/pit2015812","article-title":"Wound morbidity after kidney transplant","volume":"25","author":"Fockens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Transplant"},{"key":"R6-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2010.01299.x","article-title":"The outcome of commercial kidney transplant tourism in Pakistan","volume":"25","author":"Ivanovski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R7-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35105-4","article-title":"Transplant nephrectomy over 20 years: Factors involved in associated morbidity and mortality","volume":"151","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R8-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.02.010","article-title":"Commercial kidney transplantation: Attitude, knowledge, perception, and experience of recipients","volume":"2","author":"Al Rahbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"R9-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-013-9493-1","article-title":"Global initiatives to tackle organ trafficking and transplant tourism","volume":"16","author":"Bagheri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Health Care Philos"},{"key":"R10-20230915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03320708","article-title":"International Summit on Transplant Tourism and Organ Trafficking. 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