{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:04:29Z","timestamp":1787169869841,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with refractory idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) are at risk of infections, renal failure, and the inherent side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of yearly rituximab therapy in adult patients with this syndrome over 5\u201310 years. In the minimal change disease group, 14 of the 15 patients had complete remission (CR) and one had partial remission (PR). Of those who achieved CR, eight patients did not require rituximab 4 years later. The patient with PR was treated in the same way as those with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) group and remained stable by the end of the study. In the FSGS group, rituximab therapy resulted in the amelioration of INS in nine patients, although two were non-responders (NR) and developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In the membranous glomerulopathy group, 36 patients had CR but two were NR and developed ESRD. Twenty (55%) of those did not require treatment after 4 years, whereas the rest maintained CR with yearly rituximab. Nine women received rituximab after the third month of pregnancy without significant adverse effects on the fetus or subsequent conception. In conclusion, rituximab is a safe, practical, and effective long-term therapy for adult patients in these three groups of INS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.388185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T02:36:45Z","timestamp":1697683005000},"page":"509-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term Rituximab Therapy in Adult Patients with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Kamel","family":"El-Reshaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaikha","family":"Al-Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Patrick","family":"Madda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20231021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199804233381707","article-title":"The nephrotic syndrome","volume":"338","author":"Orth","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-20231021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-49546","article-title":"Chronic renal disease in Kuwaiti nationals: A prospective study during the past 4 years","volume":"27","author":"El-Reshaid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"R3-20231021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1081\/JDI-120022554","article-title":"Glomerulopathy in Kuwait: The spectrum over the past 7 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