{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:22:10Z","timestamp":1787764930036,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) after kidney transplantation are a common problem adversely affecting graft outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to report the frequency and risk factors of recurrent UTI and their impact on graft and patient outcomes in kidney transplant recipients at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, in January-December 2015. Five-year graft and patient survival rates were compared among different groups using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Of the 251 recipients, 67 developed one episode of UTI. Of these 67, 29 had 76 episodes of recurrent UTI. Out of the 76 episodes of recurrent UTI,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most common pathogen in 32 cases. Organisms causing recurrent UTI showed resistance to carbapenem in 19 cases versus 2 in the non-recurrent UTI group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.006). The estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 year was 57.8 \u00b1 16.23 mL\/min\/1.73 m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the recurrent UTI group vs. 61.9 \u00b1 15.7 mL\/min\/1.73 m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the non-recurrent UTI group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001). Graft survival in the recurrent UTI group at 5 years was significantly lower (76%) than in the non-recurrent UTI (95%) and no UTI groups (93%) (log-rank\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.006), with no significant effect on patient survival in these groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.429). The presence of double-J stent (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.036) and cytomegalovirus infections (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.013) independently predicted recurrent UTI. Recurrent UTIs are common in low-resource settings and adversely affect graft outcomes. Appropriate prophylaxis and treatment are important to reduce recurrent UTI to improve graft outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.390256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T05:22:29Z","timestamp":1701062549000},"page":"761-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients: Risk Factors and Outcomes in Low-resource Settings"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sana","family":"Jamil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sind Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirza Naqi","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sind Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulleha","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Sind Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Ayub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology, Sind Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeeb-ul-Hassan","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Sind Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12366","article-title":"Impact of urinary tract infection on allograft function after kidney transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Ariza-Heredia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R2-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2015.03.024","article-title":"Management of urinary tract infection in solid organ transplant recipients: Consensus statement of the Group for the Study of Infection in Transplant Recipients (GESITRA) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI)","volume":"33","author":"Vidal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"R3-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2005.00327.x","article-title":"Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation: A retrospective review at two US transplant centers","volume":"19","author":"Chuang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"R4-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-007-0072-6","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients","volume":"9","author":"Alangaden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"R5-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01700.x","article-title":"Acute pyelonephritis represents a risk factor impairing long-term kidney graft function","volume":"7","author":"Pell\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"R6-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(98)00968-3","article-title":"Urinary tract infections following renal transplantation","volume":"30","author":"Takai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"R7-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c385","DOI":"10.1159\/000321526","article-title":"Endoscopic subureteral polydimethylsiloxane injection and prevention of recurrent acute graft pyelonephritis","volume":"117","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"R8-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx237","article-title":"Effects of recurrent urinary tract infections on graft and patient outcomes after kidney transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Britt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"R9-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12124","article-title":"AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. 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