{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:35:19Z","timestamp":1791740119185,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with refractory or relapsed malignant disorders are in desperate condition, with few therapeutic options left, if any. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced T-cell transplantation is a novel approach that has shown promising results as well as serious adverse events. This study aimed to systematically review the current data on the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) as a major side effect of CAR therapy. A systematic literature review was conducted to find reports of CAR T-cell therapy in the context of cancer patients and to extract reports of severe CRS. The factors that could significantly affect the incidence of CRS were investigated. Mortality rates were also compared regarding the occurrence of CRS. The incidence of severe CRS was 9.4% (95% confidence interval: 8.3\u201310.5) in the reviewed studies. Younger and older patients (vs. adults), higher doses of CAR T-cell infusions, lymphodepletion (LD) before CAR T-cell infusions, specific LD regimens, the source of allogeneic cells for the construction of CAR, chronic lymphocytic leukemia as the tumor type (vs. lymphoma), and CD28 as costimulatory domain in the structure of CAR were significantly associated with CRS events. Patients experiencing severe CRS had a significantly higher mortality rate within 2 and 3 months after transplantation. In conclusion, this study found many factors that could predict severe CRS and future clinical trials could reveal the relevance of appropriate interventions to the incidence and outcomes of CRS in cancer patients undergoing CAR T-cell transduced infusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.390259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T05:22:29Z","timestamp":1701062549000},"page":"795-823","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytokine Release Syndrome after Chimeric Antigen Receptor Transduced T-Cell Therapy in Cancers: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Saeed","family":"Taheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, New Lahijan Scientific Foundation, Lahijan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.2025","article-title":"Chemotherapy-refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and indolent B-cell malignancies can be effectively treated with autologous T cells expressing an anti-CD 19 chimeric antigen receptor","volume":"33","author":"Kochenderfer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R2-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.0225","article-title":"Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) - specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the immunotherapy of HER2-positive sarcoma","volume":"33","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R3-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-348540","article-title":"Safety and persistence of adoptively transferred autologous CD19-targeted T cells in patients with relapsed or chemotherapy refractory B-cell leukemias","volume":"118","author":"Brentjens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R4-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-12-128843","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy for indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma using genetically modified autologous CD20-specific T cells","volume":"112","author":"Till","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R5-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-10-384388","article-title":"B-cell depletion and remissions of malignancy along with cytokine-associated toxicity in a clinical trial of anti-CD19 chimeric-antigen-receptor-transduced T cells","volume":"119","author":"Kochenderfer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R6-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-017-2034-7","article-title":"The clinical efficacy of first-generation carcino-embryonic antigen (CEACAM5)-specific CAR T cells is limited by poor persistence and transient pre-conditioning-dependent respiratory toxicity","volume":"66","author":"Thistlethwaite","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"R7-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0222-9","article-title":"Safety, tumor trafficking and immunogenicity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells specific for TAG-72 in colorectal cancer","volume":"5","author":"Hege","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"R8-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61403-3","article-title":"T cells expressing CD 19 chimeric antigen receptors for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and young adults: A phase 1 dose-escalation trial","volume":"385","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R9-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23214","article-title":"Phase I trial of anti-PSMA designer CAR-T cells in prostate cancer: Possible role for interacting interleukin 2-T cell pharmacodynamics as a determinant of clinical response","volume":"76","author":"Junghans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"R10-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaa0984","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa0984","article-title":"A single dose of peripherally infused EGFRvIII-directed CAR T cells mediates antigen loss and induces adaptive resistance in patients with recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"9","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R11-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4441","article-title":"CD22-targeted CAR T cells induce remission in BALL that is naive or resistant to CD19-targeted CAR immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Fry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R12-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-0040","article-title":"Identification of predictive biomarkers for cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Teachey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"R13-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355ra116","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf8621","article-title":"Immunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a defined ratio of CD8+ and CD4+ CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells","volume":"8","author":"Turtle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R14-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224ra25","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008226","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity management of 19-28z CAR T cell therapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"6","author":"Davila","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R15-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177ra38","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005930","article-title":"CD19-targeted T cells rapidly induce molecular remissions in adults with chemotherapy-refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"5","author":"Brentjens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R16-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-Cell therapy in refractory large B-Cell lymphoma","volume":"377","author":"Neelapu","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R17-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.5929","article-title":"Allogeneic T cells that express an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor induce remissions of B-cell malignancies that progress after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation without causing graft-versus-host disease","volume":"34","author":"Brudno","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R18-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.71.3024","article-title":"Lymphoma remissions caused by anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells are associated with high serum interleukin-15 levels","volume":"35","author":"Kochenderfer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R19-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-017-0440-4","article-title":"Phase I study of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in treating HER2-positive advanced biliary tract cancers and pancreatic cancers","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"R20-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-016-5023-8","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the immunotherapy of patients with EGFR-expressing advanced relapsed\/refractory non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"59","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"R21-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI94306","article-title":"Clinical and immunological responses after CD30-specific chimeric antigen receptor-redirected lymphocytes","volume":"127","author":"Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R22-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-793141","article-title":"Kinetics and biomarkers of severe cytokine release syndrome after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy","volume":"130","author":"Hay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R23-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3322","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-02-769208","article-title":"Intent-to-treat leukemia remission by CD19 CAR T cells of defined formulation and dose in children and young adults","volume":"129","author":"Gardner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R24-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14923","article-title":"Donor-derived CD19-targeted T cell infusion induces minimal residual disease-negative remission in relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with no response to donor lymphocyte infusions after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"179","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R25-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4129","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-08-519413","article-title":"Donor-derived CD19-targeted T cells cause regression of malignancy persisting after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"122","author":"Kochenderfer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R26-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4062","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0428","article-title":"Bioactivity and safety of IL13Ra2-redirected chimeric antigen receptor CD8+ T cells in patients with recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R27-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-1421","article-title":"Phase I hepatic immunotherapy for metastases study of intra-arterial chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy for CEA+ liver metastases","volume":"21","author":"Katz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R28-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-506741","article-title":"Infusion of donor-derived CD19-redirected virus-specific T cells for B-cell malignancies relapsed after allogeneic stem cell transplant: A phase 1 study","volume":"122","author":"Cruz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R29-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1365","article-title":"Autologous T cells expressing CD30 chimeric antigen receptors for relapsed or refractory hodgkin lymphoma: An open-label phase I trial","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R30-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303ra139","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aac5415","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells persist and induce sustained remissions in relapsed refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Porter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R31-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-10-387969","article-title":"CD20-specific adoptive immunotherapy for lymphoma using a chimeric antigen receptor with both CD28 and 4-1BB domains: Pilot clinical trial results","volume":"119","author":"Till","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R32-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3363","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86721","article-title":"Phase I trials using sleeping beauty to generate CD19-specific CAR T cells","volume":"126","author":"Kebriaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R33-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.154","article-title":"Persistence and efficacy of second generation CAR T cell against the LeY antigen in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"21","author":"Ritchie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"R34-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.10.020","article-title":"Phase 1 results of ZUMA-1: A multicenter study of KTE-C19 anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy in refractory aggressive lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Locke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"R35-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1027469","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1027469","article-title":"Tolerance and efficacy of autologous or donor-derived T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors in adult B-ALL with extramedullary leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"R36-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.145","article-title":"High efficacy and safety of low-dose CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapy in 51 refractory or relapsed B acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients","volume":"31","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"R37-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0010-1","article-title":"Determinants of response and resistance to CD 19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Fraietta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R38-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-1319","article-title":"Clinical and biological correlates of neurotoxicity associated with CAR T-cell therapy in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Santomasso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"R39-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6185","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0426","article-title":"A phase I\/IIa trial using CD19-targeted third-generation CAR T cells for lymphoma and leukemia","volume":"24","author":"Enblad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R40-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0572-x","article-title":"A novel generation 1928zT2 CAR T cells induce remission in extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Weng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R41-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910607","article-title":"Use of CAR-transduced natural killer cells in CD19-positive lymphoid tumors","volume":"382","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R42-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaj2013","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaj2013","article-title":"Molecular remission of infant B-ALL after infusion of universal TALEN gene-edited CAR T cells","volume":"9","author":"Qasim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R43-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.08.003","article-title":"Late events after treatment with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells","volume":"26","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"R44-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6050","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-05-354449","article-title":"Antitumor activity and long-term fate of chimeric antigen receptor-positive T cells in patients with neuroblastoma","volume":"118","author":"Louis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R45-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85309","article-title":"CD 19 CAR-T cells of defined CD4+:CD8+ composition in adult B cell ALL patients","volume":"126","author":"Turtle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R46-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R47-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Maude","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R48-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407222","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for sustained remissions in leukemia","volume":"371","author":"Maude","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R49-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.39","article-title":"Vaccination to improve the persistence of CD19CAR gene-modified T cells in relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"31","author":"Rossig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"R50-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708566","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells in refractory B-cell lymphomas","volume":"377","author":"Schuster","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R51-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.12.014","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with checkpoint inhibition in the setting of CAR T cell therapy: A case series","volume":"20","author":"Kambhampati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"R52-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-0274-9","article-title":"Anti-CD30 chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for relapsed\/refractory CD30(+) lymphoma patients","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"R53-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-07934-1","article-title":"Distribution of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells against CD19 in B-cell malignancies","volume":"21","author":"Ying","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"R54-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02829-9","article-title":"Toxicity and effectiveness of CD19 CAR T therapy in children with high-burden central nervous system refractory B-ALL","volume":"70","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"R55-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2388-1","article-title":"Treatment response, survival, safety, and predictive factors to chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in Chinese relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblast leukemia patients","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"R56-20231129","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effect of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in children with relapsed or refractory acute B-lymphocytic leukemia and its prognosis","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J BUON"},{"key":"R57-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001466","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in 110 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with high-risk features","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"R58-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000017","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of CAR19\/22 T-cell cocktail therapy in patients with refractory\/relapsed B-cell malignancies","volume":"135","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R59-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25108","article-title":"Potent antileukemia activities of humanized CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in patients with relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"93","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"R60-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611366","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.611366","article-title":"Characteristics and risk factors of cytokine release syndrome in chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatment","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R61-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46110","article-title":"CD28 costimulation improves expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in lymphoma patients","volume":"121","author":"Savoldo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R62-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01892","article-title":"Optimizing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"38","author":"Frey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R63-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa121","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa121","article-title":"Infectious complications following CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"7","author":"Vora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"R64-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25582","article-title":"Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed\/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An open-label pragmatic clinical trial","volume":"94","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"R65-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3776","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002509","article-title":"Hematopoietic recovery in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies","volume":"4","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"Suppl 15","key":"R66-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7028","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.7028","article-title":"Efficacy of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor modified T(CAR-T) cell therapy in Chinese patients with relapsed\/refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia in a multicenter trial","volume":"35","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R67-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3246-4","article-title":"CD19 targeted CART therapy versus chemotherapy in re-induction treatment of refractory\/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of a case-controlled study","volume":"97","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"R68-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.243246","article-title":"Impact and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in older, vulnerable patients with relapsed\/refractory large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"106","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"R69-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-17-0189","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of intratumoral injections of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in metastatic breast cancer","volume":"5","author":"Tchou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"R70-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95ra73","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002842","article-title":"T cells with chimeric antigen receptors have potent antitumor effects and can establish memory in patients with advanced leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Kalos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"R71-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-686725","article-title":"Phase 1 studies of central memory-derived CD19 CAR T-cell therapy following autologous HSCT in patients with B-cell NHL","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R72-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.03.010","article-title":"Phase I escalating-dose trial of CAR-T therapy targeting CEA(+) metastatic colorectal cancers","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"R73-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2010.03.014","article-title":"Antitransgene rejection responses contribute to attenuated persistence of adoptively transferred CD20\/CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor redirected T cells in humans","volume":"16","author":"Jensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"R74-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002053","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"45","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R75-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-127508","article-title":"Pivotal safety and efficacy results from transcend NHL 001, a multicenter phase 1 study of lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) in relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) large B cell lymphomas","volume":"134","author":"Abramson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R76-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-117199","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel in the real world: Outcomes and predictors of response, resistance and toxicity","volume":"132","author":"Jacobson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R77-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-114152","article-title":"Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) CD 19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed\/refractory large B-cell lymphoma: Real world experience","volume":"132","author":"Nastoupil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R78-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215134","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia","volume":"368","author":"Grupp","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R79-20231129","first-page":"1","article-title":"CAR driving neurotoxicity","volume":"4","author":"Taheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Lahij Med J"},{"key":"R80-20231129","first-page":"22","article-title":"Gastrointestinal adverse events after CAR T-cell therapy in cancer patients: Systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Taheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Lahij Med J"},{"key":"R81-20231129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.022","article-title":"Single-cell analyses identify brain mural cells expressing CD19 as potential off-tumor targets for CAR-T immunotherapies","volume":"183","author":"Parker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R82-20231129","first-page":"43","article-title":"A stepwise stratified reporting protocol for clinical trials that converts them into case series on their main indices -Response to immunomodulation in CAR driving cytokine storms","volume":"5","author":"Taheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Lahij Med J"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1319-2442.390259","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:51:33Z","timestamp":1787763093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1319-2442.390259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1319-2442.390259","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-2442","2320-3838"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-2442","type":"print"},{"value":"2320-3838","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}