{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:01:31Z","timestamp":1786636891048,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.105920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T03:58:45Z","timestamp":1357876725000},"page":"28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Hepatitis C genotype 4: Genotypic diversity, epidemiological profile, and clinical relevance of subtypes in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"MohammedQ","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HamadI","family":"Al Ashgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Ahdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Al Thawadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AhmadSalem","family":"Helmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al Qahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FaisalM","family":"Sanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Hepatitis C. WHO fact sheet 164. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs164\/en\/print.html [Last accessed on 2007 May 21]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-2","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Saudi Arabia: Are we off the hook?","author":"Abdo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1319-3767","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-3","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Prevalence of seromarkers of HBV and HCV among blood donors in eastern Saudi Arabia, 1998-2001","author":"Bashawri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-4","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV-1, 2 and HTLV-I\/II infections among blood donors in a teaching hospital in the Central region of Saudi Arabia","author":"El-Hazmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-5","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence rate among Saudis","author":"Shobokshi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-6","first-page":"394","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and DNA enzyme immunoassay among Saudi patients in the Western Province, Saudi Arabia","author":"Osoba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0256-4947","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-7","first-page":"379","volume-title":"The Los Alamos HCV sequence database","author":"Kuiken","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-8","first-page":"962","volume-title":"Consensus proposals for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitis C virus genotypes","author":"Simmonds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-9","first-page":"1526","volume-title":"Genetic diversity in hepatitis C virus in Egypt and possible association with hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Abdel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-10","first-page":"292","volume-title":"Spread of hepatitis C virus among European injection drug users infected with HIV: A phylogenetic analysis","author":"van","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-11","first-page":"615","volume-title":"High prevalence of genotype 4 among hepatitis C virus-infected intravenous drug users in North-Eastern Poland","author":"Chlabicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-12","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Predictors of sustained virological response to a 48-week course of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 4","author":"Al","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0256-4947","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-13","first-page":"370","volume-title":"Sequence variation of the HVR1 region of Hepatitis C virus in response to interferon-\u03b1 and ribavirin treatment","author":"Al-Qahtani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-14","first-page":"1102","volume-title":"Use of sequence analysis of the NS5B region for routine genotyping of hepatitis C virus with reference to C\/E1 and 5\u2032 untranslated region sequences","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-15","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Genotypes of hepatitis C virus isolates from different parts of the world","author":"Schreier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-16","first-page":"601","volume-title":"Genotyping of hepatitis C virus isolates from Saudi patients by analysis of sequences from PCR-amplified core region of the virus genome","author":"Al-Ahdal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0256-4947","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-17","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Is hepatitis C virus genotype 4 predominant in Saudi Arabia?","author":"Boriskin","year":"1999","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-18","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus genotype in Saudi Arabia","author":"Osoba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-19","first-page":"889","volume-title":"Hepatitis C: Prevalence and common genotype among ethic groups in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","author":"Fakeeh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-20","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Hepatitis C genotypes and subtypes in Saudi Arabia","author":"Shobokshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-21","first-page":"1901","volume-title":"Evaluation of Versant hepatitis C virus genotype assay (LiPA-2)","author":"Verbeeck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-22","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Determining hepatitis C genotype by analyzing the sequence of the NS5b region","author":"Sandres-Saune","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-23","first-page":"2051","volume-title":"Analysis of the 50 noncoding region versus the NS5b region in genotyping hepatitis C virus isolates from blood donors in France","author":"Cantaloube","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-24","first-page":"1015","volume-title":"Genetic variability of hepatitis C virus in South Egypt and its possible clinical implication","author":"Elkady","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-25","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Exponential spread of hepatitis C virus genotype 4a in Egypt","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-26","first-page":"459","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian volunteer blood donors in Riyadh","author":"Saeed","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-27","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Estimation of the risk of transmission of hepatitis C between spouses in Egypt based on seroprevalence data","author":"Magder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-28","first-page":"821","volume-title":"Sexual transmission of HCV between spouses","author":"Tahan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-29","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Risk of hepatitis C virus infection among household contacts of Saudi patients with chronic liver disease","author":"Arif","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-30","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus infections reported over 11 years of surveillance in Saudi Arabia.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","author":"Tariq","year":"2009","journal-title":""},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicot F, Legrand-Abravanel F, Sandres-Saune K, Boulestin A, Dubois M, et al. Heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 strains circulating in south-western France. J Gen Virol 2005;86,107-114.","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80409-0"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-32","first-page":"1869","volume-title":"Molecular and epidemiological profiles of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in Denmark","author":"Eriksen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-33","first-page":"3832","volume-title":"Emergence of hepatitis C virus genotype 4: Phylogenetic analysis reveals three distinct epidemiological profiles","author":"de","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-34","first-page":"608","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus subtypes circulating among intravenous drug users in Lisbon, Portugal","author":"Calado","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-35","first-page":"1429","volume-title":"High prevalence of hepatitis C virus subtypes 4c and 4d in Malaga (Spain): phylogenetic and epidemiological analyses","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Arc\u00e1s","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-36","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Greece: Temporal trends in HCV genotype-specific incidence and molecular characterization of genotype 4 isolates","author":"Katsoulidou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-37","first-page":"460","volume-title":"Observational VHC4 Study Group.Epidemiological characteristics and response to peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection","author":"Roulot","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-38","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted acute infection with a clustered genotype 4 hepatitis C virus in HIV-1-infected men and inefficacy of early antiviral therapy","author":"Serpaggi","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-39","first-page":"2029","volume-title":"Influence of the HCV subtype on the virological response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy","author":"Legrand-Abravanel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.105920-40","first-page":"437","volume-title":"Influence of HCV genotype 1 subtypes on the virus response to PEG interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin therapy","author":"Nicot","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Virol"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:02:28Z","timestamp":1786633348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1319-3767.105920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"alternative-id":["105920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1319-3767.105920","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-3767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-3767","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}