{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:18:14Z","timestamp":1792293494332,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.111949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T10:45:01Z","timestamp":1368614701000},"page":"101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sphincter preservation in anal cancer: A brief review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Khosla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SureshC","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-1","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Carcinoma of the anal canal.A clinical and pathologic study of 188 cases","author":"Boman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-2","first-page":"509","volume-title":"Treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal","author":"Greenall","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-3","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Carcinoma of the anal canal: A study of 79 cases","author":"Dougherty","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-4","first-page":"354","volume-title":"Combined therapy for cancer of the anal canal: A preliminary report","author":"Nigro","year":"1974","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-5","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Cancer of the anal canal.Model for preoperative adjuvant combined modality therapy","author":"Leichman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-6","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal.A series of 276 cases","author":"Papillon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-7","first-page":"1161","volume-title":"Interstitial curietherapy in the conservative treatment of anal and rectal cancers","author":"Papillon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-8","first-page":"575","volume-title":"Interstitial iridium-192 implantation combined with external radiotherapy in anal cancer: Ten years experience","author":"Sandhu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-9","first-page":"1049","volume-title":"UKCCCR anal cancer trial working party.UK co-ordinating committee on cancer research","author":"Epidermoid","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-10","first-page":"2040","volume-title":"Concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in the treatment of locally advanced anal cancer: Results of a phase III randomized trial of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer radiotherapy and gastrointestinal cooperative groups","author":"Bartelink","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-11","first-page":"1123","volume-title":"Chemoradiation for the treatment of epidermoid anal cancer: 13-year follow-up of the first randomised UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial (ACT I)","author":"Northover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-12","first-page":"2527","volume-title":"Role of mitomycin in combination with fluorouracil and radiotherapy, and of salvage chemoradiation in the definitive nonsurgical treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal: Results of a phase III randomized intergroup study","author":"Flam","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-13","first-page":"3229","volume-title":"Induction therapy for poor-prognosis anal canal carcinoma: A phase II study of the cancer and leukemia group B (CALGB 9281)","author":"Meropol","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-14","first-page":"1914","volume-title":"Fluorouracil, mitomycin, and radiotherapy vs.fluorouracil, cisplatin, and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the anal canal: A randomized controlled trial","author":"Ajani","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-15","first-page":"4344","volume-title":"Long-term update of US GI intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase III trial for anal carcinoma: Survival, relapse, and colostomy failure with concurrent chemoradiation involving fluorouracil\/mitomycin versus fluorouracil\/cisplatin","author":"Gunderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James R, Wan S, Glynne-Jones R, Sebag-Montefiore D, Kadalayil L, Northover J, et al. A randomized trial of CRT using mitomycinorcisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin\/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. J Clin Oncol (Proc ASCO) 2009;27:18suppl; abstr LBA-4009","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2009.27.18_suppl.lba4009"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-17","first-page":"1941","volume-title":"Induction chemotherapy and dose intensification of the radiation boost in locally advanced anal canal carcinoma: Final analysis of the randomized UNICANCER ACCORD 03 trial","author":"Peiffert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-18","first-page":"1569","volume-title":"Epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal.Results of curative-intent radiation therapy in a series of 270 patients","author":"Touboul","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-19","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Management of inguinal lymph node metastases in patients with carcinoma of the anal canal: Experience in a series of 270 patients treated in Lyon and review of the literature","author":"Gerard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-20","first-page":"1115","volume-title":"Epidermoid anal cancer: Treatment by radiation alone or by radiation and 5-fluorouracil with and without mitomycin C","author":"Cummings","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-21","first-page":"1988","volume-title":"Anal canal cancer: Management of inguinal nodes and benefit of prophylactic inguinal irradiation (CORS-03 Study)","author":"Ortholan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-22","first-page":"354","volume-title":"Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of anal cancer: Toxicity and clinical outcome","author":"Milano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-23","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Optimal organ-sparing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) regimen for the treatment of locally advanced anal canal carcinoma: A comparison of conventional and IMRT plans","author":"Menkarios","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-24","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Organ sparing by conformal avoidance intensity-modulated radiation therapy for anal cancer: Dosimetric evaluation of coverage of pelvis and inguinal\/femoral nodes","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-25","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Organ-sparing Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for anal cancer using the ACTII schedule: A comparison of conventional and intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans","author":"Brooks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-26","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Dose-painted intensity-modulated radiation therapy for anal cancer: A multi-institutional report of acute toxicity and response to therapy","author":"Kachnic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-27","first-page":"1413","volume-title":"Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for anal malignancies: A preliminary toxicity and disease outcomes analysis","author":"Pepek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-28","first-page":"3342","volume-title":"Intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus conventional radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal","author":"Bazan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kachnic LA, Winter K, Myerson RJ, Goodyear MD, Willins J, Esthappan J, et al. RTOG 0529: A phase 2 evaluation of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-c for the reduction of acute morbidity in carcinoma of the anal canal. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.09.023"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-30","first-page":"675","volume-title":"The impact of gap duration on local control in anal canal carcinoma treated by split-course radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy","author":"Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-31","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Impact of overall treatment time on local control of anal cancer treated with radiochemotherapy","author":"Graf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-32","first-page":"1259","volume-title":"Results of definitive irradiation in a series of 305 epidermoid carcinomas of the anal canal","author":"Deniaud-Alexandre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-33","first-page":"728","volume-title":"Chemoradiotherapy in patients with anal cancer: Impact of length of unplanned treatment interruption on outcome","author":"Meyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-34","first-page":"651","volume-title":"Time-dose considerations in the treatment of anal cancer","author":"Constantinou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-35","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Evaluation of planned treatment breaks during radiation therapy for anal cancer: Update of RTOG 92-08","author":"Konski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-36","first-page":"1455","volume-title":"Australasian gastrointestinal trials group (AGITG) contouring atlas and planning guidelines for intensity-modulated radiotherapy in anal cancer","author":"Ng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-37","first-page":"824","volume-title":"Elective clinical target volumes for conformal therapy in anorectal cancer: A radiation therapy oncology group consensus panel contouring atlas","author":"Myerson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-38","unstructured":"Mazeron JJ, van Limbergen E. Anorectal cancer. In: Gerbaulet A, P\u00f6tter R, Mazeron J, Meertens H, VanLimbergen E, editors. The GECESTROH and book of Brachy therapy. Brussels: ESTRO; 2000. p. 505-14."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-39","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Treatment of T3 and T4 anal carcinoma with combined chemoradiation and interstitial 192Ir implantation: A 10-year experience","author":"Hwang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-40","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Treatment of squamous cell anal canal carcinoma (SCACC) with pulsed dose rate brachytherapy: A retrospective study","author":"Bruna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-41","first-page":"472","volume-title":"Twenty-year experience in the management of squamous cell anal canal carcinoma with interstitial brachytherapy","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-42","first-page":"383","volume-title":"The effect of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and high dose rate brachytherapy on acute and late radiotherapy-related adverse events following chemoradiotherapy of anal cancer","author":"Saarilahti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-43","first-page":"461","volume-title":"Conservative treatment of anal canal carcinoma with external radiotherapy and interstitial brachytherapy, with or without chemotherapy: Long-term results","author":"Berger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Radiother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-44","first-page":"673","volume-title":"Multimodal therapy of anal cancer added by new endosonographic-guided brachytherapy","author":"Doniec","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-45","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Clinical outcome after treatment with a brachytherapy boost versus external beam boost for anal carcinoma","author":"Oehler-J\u00e4nne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.111949-46","first-page":"Abstr 4004","volume-title":"Optimum time to assess complete clinical response (CR) following chemoradiation (CRT) using mitomycin C (MMC) or cisplatin (CisP) with or without maintenance CisP\/FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: Results of ACT II","author":"Glynne-Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:21:57Z","timestamp":1786648917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1319-3767.111949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"alternative-id":["111949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1319-3767.111949","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-3767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-3767","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}}}