{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:57:18Z","timestamp":1786651038650,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Saudi J Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.126324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]],"date-time":"2014-02-03T07:31:06Z","timestamp":1391412666000},"page":"59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 is an independent predictor of poor virological response to interferon therapy in chronic HCV genotype 4 patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"WafaeyM","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MohammedA","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MohamedE","family":"Shatat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-1","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Global burden of disease (GBD) for hepatitis C","author":"The","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-2","first-page":"550","volume-title":"HCV natural history: The retrospective and prospective in perspective","author":"Alter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-3","unstructured":"El-Zanaty F, Way A, editors. Egypt demographic and health survey 2008. Cairo, Egypt: Ministry of Health, El-Zanaty and Associates, and Macro International; 2009."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-4","first-page":"650","volume-title":"Epidemic hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt: Estimates of past incidence and future morbidity and mortality","author":"Lehman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-5","first-page":"560","volume-title":"Is the hepatitis C virus epidemic over in Egypt.Incidence and risk factors of new hepatitis C virus infections?","author":"Mostafa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-6","first-page":"248","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in a community in the Nile Delta: Risk factors for seropositivity","author":"Habib","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-7","first-page":"1325","volume-title":"Coexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver: Possible involvement of COX-2 in the angiogenesis of hepatitis C virus-positive cases","author":"Rahman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-8","first-page":"1371","volume-title":"Hepatitis C genotype 4: What we know and what we don\u2032t yet know","author":"Kamal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-9","first-page":"1589","volume-title":"Host cyclooxygenase-2 modulates carcinoma growth","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-10","first-page":"1473","volume-title":"Effect of regulated expression of human cyclooxygenase isoforms on eicosanoid and isoeicosanoid production in inflammation","author":"McAdam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-11","first-page":"1793","volume-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 expression as a predictor of outcome in colorectal carcinoma","author":"Al-Maghrabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-12","first-page":"1633","volume-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in chronic hepatitis C and the effect of interferon alpha treatment","author":"Manning","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-13","first-page":"9725","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus stimulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 via oxidative stress: Role of prostaglandin E2 in RNA replication","author":"Waris","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-14","first-page":"1665","volume-title":"Increased intrahepatic cyclooxygenase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression is associated with progressive liver disease in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Role of viral core and NS5A proteins","author":"Nunez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-15","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta: A general review","author":"Lawrence","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-16","first-page":"1452","volume-title":"Transforming growth factor beta and cell cycle regulation","author":"Alexandrow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-17","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in chronic hepatitis C","author":"Nelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-18","first-page":"462","volume-title":"Neutralization of transforming growth factor beta 1 augments hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction in vitro","author":"Kanto","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-19","first-page":"961","volume-title":"Effect of interferon alpha and ribavirin treatment on serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in patients with chronic hepatitis C","author":"Janczewska-Kazek","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-20","first-page":"276","volume-title":"Investigation of the role of transforming growth factor-beta1 in hepatic fibrosis in HCV-induced chronic liver disease and assessment of liver fibrosis by histopathological and non-invasive methods","author":"Abd-Elghany","year":"2008","journal-title":"EL-Minia Med Bull"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-21","first-page":"289","volume-title":"An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C.The METAVIR Cooperative Study Group","author":"Bedossa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-22","first-page":"1313","volume-title":"Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Kleiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-23","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Role of HCV Core gene of genotype 1a and 3a and host gene Cox-2 in HCV-induced pathogenesis","author":"Jahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-24","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and transforming growth factor-beta1 in HCV-induced chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"El-Bassiouny","year":"2007","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-25","first-page":"371","volume-title":"Cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression impairs serum-withdrawal-induced apoptosis in liver cells","author":"Fernandez-Martinez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-26","first-page":"991","volume-title":"Expression of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 transgene in murine liver causes hepatitis","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-27","first-page":"927","volume-title":"Response to antiviral therapy and hepatic expression of cyclooxygenases in chronic hepatitis C","author":"Giannitrapani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-28","first-page":"4005","volume-title":"Increased expression of COX-2 in nontumor liver tissue is associated with shorter disease-free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Kondo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-29","first-page":"1110","volume-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA is up-regulated in cirrhotic or chronic hepatitis liver adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Morinaga","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-30","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and cytosolic phospholipase A (2) in the liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis","author":"Cheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-31","first-page":"7908","volume-title":"The role of cyclooxygenases in inflammation, cancer, and development","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-32","first-page":"1036","volume-title":"Landscaping the cancer terrain","author":"Kinzler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-33","first-page":"1249","volume-title":"Overexpressed cyclo-oxygenase-2 in the background liver is associated with the clinical course of hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis patients after curative surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Morinaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-34","first-page":"284","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus-induced furin and thrombospondin-1 activate TGF-beta1: Role of TGF-beta1 in HCV replication","author":"Presser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-35","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 in chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C virus infection","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-36","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus core protein upregulates transforming growth factor-beta 1 transcription","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-37","first-page":"2509","volume-title":"Hepatitis C virus regulates transforming growth factor beta1 production through the generation of reactive oxygen species in a nuclear factor kappa B-dependent manner","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-38","first-page":"430","volume-title":"Prediction of progressive liver fibrosis in hepatitis C infection by serum and tissue levels of transforming growth factor-beta","author":"Kanzler","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-39","first-page":"S146","volume-title":"Transforming growth factor beta 1: In situ expression in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with alpha interferon","author":"Bedossa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-40","first-page":"271","volume-title":"TGF-beta1 mRNA expression in liver biopsy specimens and TGF-beta1 serum levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after antiviral therapy","author":"Marek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-41","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Reduced plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C after interferon-alpha therapy: Association with regression of hepatic fibrosis","author":"Tsushima","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-42","first-page":"933","volume-title":"Transforming growth factors beta 1 and alpha in chronic liver disease.Effects of interferon alfa therapy","author":"Castilla","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1319-3767.126324-43","first-page":"298","volume-title":"Quantitative analysis of transforming growth factor beta 1 messenger RNA in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C: Absence of correlation between high levels and severity of disease","author":"Roulot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:26:01Z","timestamp":1786649161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1319-3767.126324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"alternative-id":["126324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1319-3767.126324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-3767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-3767","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}}}