{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:31:14Z","timestamp":1787776274758,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature regarding safe doses of carvedilol is limited, and safe doses across different Child classes of chronic liver disease are not clear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 102 consecutive cirrhotic patients with significant portal hypertension were included in this study. Hepatic venous pressure gradient was measured at baseline and 3 months after dose optimization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 102 patients (63 males, 39 females) with a mean age of 58.3 \u00b1 6.6 years were included. Among these patients, 42.2% had Child Class A, 31.9% had Class B, and 26.6% had Child Class C liver disease. The mean baseline hepatic venous pressure gradient was 16.75 \u00b1 2.12 mmHg, and after dose optimization and reassessment of hepatic venous pressure gradient at 3 months, the mean reduction in the hepatic venous pressure gradient was 5.5 \u00b1 1.7 mmHg and 2.8 \u00b1 1.6 mmHg among responders and nonresponders respectively. The mean dose of carvedilol was higher in nonresponders (19.2 \u00b1 5.7 mg) than responders (18.75 \u00b1 5.1 mg). However, this difference was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). The univariate analysis determined that the absence of adverse events, the absence of ascites, and low baseline cardiac output were significantly associated with chronic response, whereas, the etiology, Child class, variceal size (large vs small), and gender were not. On multivariate analysis, the absence of any adverse event was determined to be an independent predictor of chronic response (OR 11.3, 95% CI; 1.9\u201367.8).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proper optimization of the dose of carvedilol, when administered chronically, may enable carvedilol treatment to achieve a greater response with minimum side effects among different Child classes of liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.164207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T01:25:00Z","timestamp":1441157100000},"page":"278-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["After Proper Optimization of Carvedilol dose, do Different Child Classes of Liver Disease Differ in Terms of dose Tolerance and Response on a Chronic Basis?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zeeshan A.","family":"Wani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyaz A.","family":"Baht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajeet S.","family":"Bhadoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakhi","family":"Maiwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Noora Multispeciality Hospital, Srinagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afaq A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology, JLNM Hospital, Srinagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Showkat A.","family":"Zargar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Noora Multispeciality Hospital, Srinagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Noora Multispeciality Hospital, Srinagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiser M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Administration, Noora Multispeciality Hospital, Srinagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250523","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044456","article-title":"Portal Hypertension Collaborative Group. 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