{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:30:16Z","timestamp":1786739416671,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to understand the approach to prescribing spectacles for children and the interpretation of refractive errors among ophthalmologists\/optometrists in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September and November 2018 using a database of online registrants for ophthalmologists and optometrists practicing in Saudi Arabia. The survey included 10 multiple-choice questions designed to elicit information about how ophthalmologists and optometrists deal with commonly encountered case scenarios covering different practical aspects of pediatric refraction. The responses were compared using the proportion of pediatric clientele received in the respondents' practices (Group A: &lt;25%, Group B: 25%) and drawing upon concepts from the published literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and three participants, including ophthalmologists, specialists\/registrars, and optometrists from across Saudi Arabia, participated in this survey. Approximately 25% were classified as Group A. Large discrepancies were observed between the participants' responses and actual practices based on guideline recommendations. Responses varied significantly between Groups A and B on certain issues pertaining to pseudomyopia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), anisometropia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033), and high astigmatism (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Practice patterns regarding pediatric spectacle prescription varied among ophthalmologists and optometrists in Saudi Arabia. The approach to managing refractive errors in children was better among ophthalmologists\/optometrists servicing a larger pediatric clientele, suggesting the need to increase awareness among all groups of ophthalmologists\/optometrists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-4534.322608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T16:04:52Z","timestamp":1627488292000},"page":"278-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pediatric spectacle prescription"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rawan","family":"Malaika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Raffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Algethami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Alessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"R2-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.148355","article-title":"Prevalence of amblyopia in primary school children in Qassim province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"22","author":"Aldebasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101812010264","article-title":"Refractive error among male primary school students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and associated factors","volume":"12","author":"Al Bahhawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"key":"R4-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_369_18","article-title":"How do we tackle a child's spectacle?","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.08.009","article-title":"Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Hashemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2017.8.20412","article-title":"Prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among children aged 3-10 years in western Saudi Arabia","volume":"38","author":"Alrahili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"R7-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v5n1p125","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among primary school children in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia","volume":"5","author":"Al Wadaani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"key":"R8-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2014.02.001","article-title":"Prevalence of correctable visual impairment in primary school children in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"7","author":"Aldebasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"key":"R9-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4103\/meajo.MEAJO_123_17","article-title":"Investigating the visual status of preschool children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"24","author":"Alsaqr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.53864","article-title":"Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and other eye problems among urban and rural school children","volume":"16","author":"Padhye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318031b09b","article-title":"Prescribing spectacles in children: A pediatric ophthalmologist's approach","volume":"84","author":"Donahue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R12-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19980101-17","article-title":"Spectacle prescribing recommendations of AAPOS members","volume":"35","author":"Miller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"R13-9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2011.00600.x","article-title":"To prescribe or not to prescribe. 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