{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:01:00Z","timestamp":1787169660506,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PURPOSE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the presentation and outcomes of patients with orbital cellulitis requiring surgical intervention caused by the Group F Streptococcus (GFS) versus other bacteria. We hypothesize that patients with GFS infections have a more severe presentation and worse clinical outcomes compared to infections by other bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After Institutional Review Board approval at a large academic institutional center, 70 patients with culture-positive orbital cellulitis who required surgical intervention were identified. Clinical examinations before and after surgery as well as preoperative imaging with computed tomography and\/or magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed. The study measures were preoperative and postoperative vision, motility, involved sinus disease, complications, and total hospital length of stay. Multiple imputation was used for missing data. Characteristics of patients were compared using Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nineteen patients (27%) had positive cultures for GFS and 51 patients (73%) had positive cultures for other bacterial species. There was no significant difference in visual acuity, motility, or inflammatory markers in patients with GFS compared to other patients. Patients with GFS were noted to have more sinus involvement on presentation compared to patients with other bacterial infections (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GFS associated orbital cellulitis is associated with significantly more sinus involvement, but has similar outcomes as orbital cellulitis from other bacterial species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-4534.325780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T03:10:05Z","timestamp":1634699405000},"page":"29-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Presentation and outcomes of orbital cellulitis caused by Group F Streptococcus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Viraj J.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric N.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel K.","family":"Sobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1589-7","article-title":"Milleri group streptococcus \u2013 A stepchild in the viridans family","volume":"31","author":"Siegman-Igra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R2-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.1.243-244.1992","article-title":"Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus (the Streptococcus milleri group): Association with different body sites and clinical infections","volume":"30","author":"Whiley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R3-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.6.650","article-title":"Streptococcus milleri: An organism for head and neck infections and abscess","volume":"127","author":"Han","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R4-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.2.257","article-title":"Occurrence and pathogenicity of the Streptococcus milleri group","volume":"10","author":"Gossling","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"R5-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01691002","article-title":"Hydrolytic enzymes of Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius in relation to infection","volume":"14","author":"Jacobs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"R6-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e566","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2117","article-title":"Microbiology and antibiotic management of orbital cellulitis","volume":"127","author":"Seltz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R7-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01765-7","article-title":"Bilateral cavernous sinus thromboses and intraorbital abscesses secondary to Streptococcus milleri","volume":"110","author":"Watkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R8-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318182aff7","article-title":"Bilateral intraorbital abscesses and cavernous sinus thromboses secondary to Streptococcus milleri with a favorable outcome","volume":"24","author":"Udaondo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R9-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2014.02.003","article-title":"Secondary use of clinical data: The Vanderbilt approach","volume":"52","author":"Danciu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"R10-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129486.35458.7D","article-title":"The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score: A tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections","volume":"32","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R11-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i07","article-title":"Amelia II: A program for missing data","volume":"45","author":"Honaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"R12-6-20240830","first-page":"2","article-title":"Medical management of acute bacterial sinusitis. 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