{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:48:43Z","timestamp":1792594123003,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2974,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Nucl Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrocephalus-related symptoms that worsen after shunt placement may indicate a malfunctioning or obstructed shunt. The assessment of shunt patency and site of obstruction is important for planning of treatment. The radionuclide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt study provides a simple, effective, and low-radiation-dose method of assessing CSF shunt patency. The radionuclide CSF shuntography is a useful tool in the management of patients presenting with shunt-related problems not elucidated by conventional radiological examination. This article described the imaging technique of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and lumbar puncture (LP) shunt. The normal finding, abnormal finding of completed obstruction and partial obstruction is present by our cases experience. The radiopharmaceutical (Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) was injected via the reservoir for VP shunt and via lumbar puncture needle in subarachnoid space for LP shunt, then serial image in the head and abdominal area.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The normal function of VP and LP shunt usually rapid spillage of the radioactivity in the abdominal cavity diffusely. The patent proximal tube VP shunt demonstrates ventricular reflux. The early image of patent LP shunt reveals no activity in the ventricular system contrast to distal LP shunt reveals early reflux of activity in the ventricular system. The completed distal VP and LP shunt obstruction show absence of tracer in the peritoneal area or markedly delayed appearance of abdominal activity. The partial distal VP and LP shunt obstruction recognized by slow transit or accumulation of tracer at the distal end or focal tracer in the peritoneal cavity near the tip of distal shunt. The images of the normal and abnormal CSF shunt as describe before are present in the full paper. Radionuclide CSF shuntography is a reliable and simple procedure for assessment shunt patency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1450-1147.139135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,18]],"date-time":"2014-08-18T12:03:23Z","timestamp":1408363403000},"page":"75-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Assessment Lumboperitoneal or Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Patency by Radionuclide Technique: A Review Experience Cases"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sunanta","family":"Chiewvit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarun","family":"Nuntaaree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Potjanee","family":"Kanchaanapiboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pipat","family":"Chiewvit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1450-1147.139135-1","first-page":"294","volume-title":"Randomized trial of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve design in pediatric hydrocephalus","author":"Drake","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1450-1147.139135-2","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Radionuclide-imaging shuntographyfor the 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hydrocephalus","author":"Kharkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1450-1147.139135-12","first-page":"827","volume-title":"Additive value of nuclear medicine shuntograms to computed tomography for suspected cerebrospinal fluid shunt obstruction in the pediatric emergency department","author":"Ouellette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Nuclear 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