{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T13:57:23Z","timestamp":1761400643666,"version":"3.30.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Medknow","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Afr Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.152072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,24]],"date-time":"2015-02-24T10:10:37Z","timestamp":1424772637000},"page":"169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["QT<sub>C<\/sub>interval prolongation in HIV-negative versus HIV-positive subjects with or without antiretroviral drugs"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"OlarindeJeffrey","family":"Ogunmola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YusufO","family":"Oladosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MichaelA","family":"Olamoyegun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2581","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-1","unstructured":"United Nations. UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2013: Joint United Nations Program on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS). Available from: http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/media\/unaids\/contentassets\/documents\/epidemiology\/2013\/gr2013\/UNAIDS_Global_Report_2013_en.pdf [Last accessed on 2013 Dec 07]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: Changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study","author":"Palella","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-3","first-page":"1516","volume-title":"QT interval prolongation predicts cardiovascular mortality in an apparently healthy population","author":"Schouten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-4","first-page":"1391","volume-title":"The prognostic value of the QT interval and QT interval dispersion in all-cause and cardiac mortality and morbidity in a population of Danish citizens","author":"Elming","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-5","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of prolonged QTc interval in HIV-infected patients: Results of the HIV-HEART study","author":"Reinsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-6","first-page":"1657","volume-title":"QTc interval prolongation in patients with HIV and AIDS","author":"Sani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-7","first-page":"2560","volume-title":"The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: The JNC 7 report","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-8","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Report of a WHO Expert Committee","author":"Physical","year":"1995","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-9","first-page":"i","volume-title":"Report of a WHO consultation","author":"Obesity:","year":"2000","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-10","first-page":"583","volume-title":"Recommendations for standardization of leads and of specifications for instruments in electrocardiography and vectorcardiography","author":"Report","year":"1967","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-11","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Electrocardiograms of 25 marathon runners before and after 100 meter dash","author":"Nakamoto","year":"1969","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-12","first-page":"23B","volume-title":"Measurement of the QT interval and the risk associated with QTc interval prolongation: A review","author":"Moss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-13","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Duration of the QT interval and total and cardiovascular mortality in healthy persons (The Framingham Heart Study experience)","author":"Goldberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-14","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The QT interval","author":"Bednar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-15","first-page":"17","volume-title":"The long QT syndrome: A prospective international study","author":"Moss","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-16","first-page":"1136","volume-title":"The long QT syndrome.Prospective longitudinal study of 328 families","author":"Moss","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-17","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: Gene-specific triggers for life-threatening arrhythmias","author":"Schwartz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-18","first-page":"1866","volume-title":"Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome","author":"Priori","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-19","first-page":"124","volume-title":"QTc interval prolongation in HIV-infected patients: A case-control study by 24-hour Holter ECG recording","author":"Fiorentini","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-20","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Relationship between HIV protease inhibitors and QTc interval duration in HIV-infected patients: A cross-sectional study","author":"Charbit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-21","first-page":"547","volume-title":"Female gender as a risk factor for drug-induced cardiac arrhythmias: Evaluation of clinical and experimental evidence","author":"Ebert","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-22","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Greater quinidine-induced QTc interval prolongation in women","author":"Benton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-23","first-page":"1322","volume-title":"Drug-induced QT prolongation in women during the menstrual cycle","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-24","first-page":"747","volume-title":"QT prolongation and torsades de pointes among methadone users: Reports to the FDA spontaneous reporting system","author":"Pearson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-25","first-page":"1003","volume-title":"Bazett and Fridericia QT correction formulas interfere with measurement of drug-induced changes in QT interval","author":"Indik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-26","first-page":"10B","volume-title":"Relations of QTc prolongation on the electrocardiogram to torsades de pointes: Definitions and mechanisms","author":"Morganroth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-27","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Proarrhythmia","author":"Roden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-28","first-page":"682","volume-title":"Blockade of HERG channels by HIV protease inhibitors","author":"Anson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-29","first-page":"1006","volume-title":"Efavirenz-associated QT prolongation and torsades de pointes arrhythmia","author":"Anson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-30","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by therapeutic drugs","author":"Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-31","first-page":"735","volume-title":"Long QT and torsade de pointes in a patient with acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection in multi-therapy with drugs affecting cytochrome P450","author":"Hrovatin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ital Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-32","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in the development of AZT-induced cardiomyopathy in rat","author":"Szabados","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-33","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Autonomic neuropathy and prolongation of QT interval in human immunodeficiency virus infection","author":"Villa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-34","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-infected and AIDS patients","author":"Correia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-35","first-page":"1758","volume-title":"HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome as a selective autonomic neuropathy","author":"Fliers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-36","first-page":"16","volume-title":"HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome (HARS): Definition, epidemiology and clinical impact","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-37","first-page":"653","volume-title":"Sympathovagal balance, nighttime blood pressure, and QT intervals in normotensive obese women","author":"Esposito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-38","first-page":"869","volume-title":"Effects of weight loss on QT interval in morbidly obese patients","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-39","first-page":"1489","volume-title":"Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: The Framingham study","author":"Kannel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-40","first-page":"603","volume-title":"Identification and management of the hypertensive patient with elevated heart rate: Statement of a European Society of Hypertension Consensus Meeting","author":"Palatini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-41","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Heart rate and mortality","author":"Reunanen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-42","first-page":"1951","volume-title":"Heart-rate profile during exercise as a predictor of sudden death","author":"Jouven","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooney MT, Vartiainen E, Laatikainen T, Juolevi A, Dudina A, Graham IM. Elevated resting heart rate is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in healthy men and women. Am Heart J 2010;159:612-9.e3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.12.029"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-44","first-page":"685","volume-title":"Usefulness of heart rate to predict cardiac events in treated patients with high-risk systemic hypertension","author":"Julius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-45","first-page":"1148","volume-title":"Influence of heart rate on mortality among persons with hypertension: The Framingham study","author":"Gillman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-46","first-page":"967","volume-title":"Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease","author":"Diaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-47","first-page":"43F","volume-title":"Importance of heart rate in determining beta-blocker efficacy in acute and long-term acute myocardial infarction intervention trials","author":"Kjekshus","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-48","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Secondary prevention after high-risk acute myocardial infarction with low-dose acebutolol","author":"Boissel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-49","first-page":"1327","volume-title":"Impact of resting heart rate on outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: Findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR\/trandolapril STudy (INVEST)","author":"Kolloch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-50","first-page":"705","volume-title":"Impact of heart rate on central aortic pressures and hemodynamics: Analysis from the CAFE (Conduit Artery Function Evaluation) study: CAFE-heart rate","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-51","first-page":"1340","volume-title":"\u00df-Blocker use and clinical outcomes in stable outpatients with and without coronary artery disease","author":"Bangalore","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-52","first-page":"823","volume-title":"Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease","author":"Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-53","first-page":"S68","volume-title":"Heart rate, autonomic markers, and cardiac mortality","author":"Verrier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-54","first-page":"1979","volume-title":"Heart rate variability and progression of coronary atherosclerosis","author":"Huikuri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-55","first-page":"194","volume-title":"The relationship between resting heart rate and incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","author":"Rubin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-56","first-page":"1083","volume-title":"Heart rate: An important confounder of pulse wave velocity assessment","author":"Lantelme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-57","first-page":"555","volume-title":"Influence of sex on the relation between heart rate and aortic stiffness","author":"Albaladejo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-58","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Differential impact of heart rate on arterial wall stiffness and thickness in young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-59","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Association between resting heart rate and arterial stiffness in Korean adults","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-60","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Mechanical factors in arterial aging: A clinical perspective","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-61","first-page":"1013","volume-title":"Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval","author":"Roden","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-62","first-page":"2120","volume-title":"What clinicians should know about the QT interval","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1596-3519.152072-63","first-page":"1866","volume-title":"Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome","author":"Priori","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of African Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T06:09:12Z","timestamp":1498198152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.annalsafrmed.org\/text.asp?2015\/14\/4\/169\/152072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"alternative-id":["152072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1596-3519.152072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1596-3519"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1596-3519"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}