{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:31:00Z","timestamp":1786739460374,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580169600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects not only the motor but also the cognitive domain. In particular, cognitive symptoms such as impaired executive skills and deficits in recognizing other individuals\u2019 mental state may emerge many years before the motor symptoms. This study was aimed at testing two cognitive hypotheses suggested by previous research with a new Stroop task created for the purpose: 1) the impairment of emotion recognition in HD is moderated by the emotions\u2019 valence, and 2) inhibitory control is impaired in HD. Forty manifest and 20 pre-manifest HD patients and their age- and gender-matched controls completed both the traditional \u201cStroop Color and Word Test\u201d (SCWT) and the newly created \u201cStroop Emotion Recognition under Word Interference Task\u201d (SERWIT), which consist in 120 photographs of sad, calm, or happy faces with either congruent or incongruent word interference. On the SERWIT, impaired emotion recognition in manifest HD was moderated by emotion type, with deficits being larger in recognizing sadness and calmness than in recognizing happiness, but it was not moderated by stimulus congruency. On the SCWT, six different interference scores yielded as many different patterns of group effects. Overall our results corroborate the hypothesis that impaired emotion recognition in HD is moderated by the emotions\u2019 valence, but do not provide evidence for the hypothesis that inhibitory control is impaired in HD. Further research is needed to learn more about the psychological mechanisms underlying the moderating effect of emotional valence on impaired emotion recognition in HD, and to corroborate the hypothesis that the inhibitory processes involved in Stroop tasks are not impaired in HD. Looking beyond this study, the SERWIT promises to make important contributions to disentangling the cognitive and the psychomotor aspects of neurological disorders. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the \u201cIstituto Leonarda Vaccari\u201d, Rome on January 24, 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.274342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T08:20:21Z","timestamp":1580199621000},"page":"1518-1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Emotion recognition and inhibitory control in manifest and pre-manifest Huntington's disease: evidence from a new Stroop task"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"H\u00fcnefeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Maffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Migliore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Squitieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3169-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta Olivetti","family":"Belardinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsv093","article-title":"Theory of mind and empathy in preclinical and clinical Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Adjeroud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"R2-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.011","article-title":"Dissociation between decision-making under risk and decision-making under ambiguity in premanifest and manifest Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"103","author":"Adjeroud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"R3-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15005","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.5","article-title":"Huntington disease","volume":"1","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"R4-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.10.001","article-title":"Social cognition in Huntington\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"297","author":"Bora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"R5-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2013.05.004","article-title":"Clinical neurogenetics: huntington disease","volume":"31","author":"Bordelon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"R6-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"R7-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000134","article-title":"Cognitive deficits predict poorer functional capacity in Huntington\u2019s disease: but what is being measured?","volume":"29","author":"Eddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"R8-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30294-1","article-title":"Biological and clinical manifestations of juvenile Huntington\u2019s disease: a retrospective analysis","volume":"17","author":"Fusilli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R10-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23757","article-title":"Inhibitory control during smooth pursuit in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Henderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R11-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.06.002","article-title":"Emotion recognition in Huntington\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Henley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R12-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","article-title":"A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington\u2019s disease chromosomes","volume":"72","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R13-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110204","article-title":"Unified Huntington\u2019s disease rating scale: reliability and consistency","volume":"11","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R14-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000160","article-title":"The unity and diversity of executive functions: A systematic review and re-analysis of latent variable studies","volume":"144","author":"Karr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R15-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.11.020","article-title":"Beyond emotion recognition deficits: A theory guided analysis of emotion processing in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"73","author":"Kordsachia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R16-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903485076","article-title":"Presentation and validation of the Radboud Faces Database","volume":"24","author":"Langner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"R17-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.132.1.47","article-title":"Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: The contributions of goal neglect, response competition","volume":"132","author":"Kane","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"R18-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.2.452","article-title":"Rate of functional decline in Huntington\u2019s disease Huntington Study Group","volume":"54","author":"Marder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R19-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27317","article-title":"Members of the MDS Committee on Rating Scales Development (2018) Quality of life in Huntington's disease: critique and recommendations for measures assessing patient health-related quality of life and caregiver quality of life","volume":"33","author":"Mestre","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R20-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2018.1552691","article-title":"Effects of stimulus-related variables on mental states recognition in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"129","author":"Olivetti Belardinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"R21-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.4.658","article-title":"Clinical markers of early disease in persons near onset of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Paulsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R22-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.128728","article-title":"Predict-HD Investigators and Coordinators of the Huntington Study Group (2008) Detection of Huntington's disease decades before diagnosis: the Predict-HD study","volume":"79","author":"Paulsen","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R23-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.04.018","article-title":"Disruption of response inhibition circuits in prodromal Huntington disease","volume":"58","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"R24-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00557","article-title":"The Stroop Color and Word Test","volume":"8","author":"Scarpina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"R25-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx086","article-title":"The neuropsychology of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Snowden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"R26-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.24.2.133.998","article-title":"Psychomotor executive and memory function in preclinical Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Snowden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"R27-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020937","article-title":"Neurocognitive signs in prodromal Huntington disease","volume":"25","author":"Stout","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"R28-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70170-X","article-title":"TRACK-HD investigators (2009) Biological and clinical manifestations of Huntington\u2019s disease in the longitudinal TRACK-HD study: cross-sectional analysis of baseline data","volume":"8","author":"Tabrizi","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R29-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70263-0","article-title":"Potential endpoints for clinical trials in premanifest and early Huntington\u2019s disease in the TRACK-HD study: analysis of 24 month observational data","volume":"11","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R30-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70088-7","article-title":"Predictors of phenotypic progression and disease onset in premanifest and early-stage Huntington\u2019s disease in the TRACK-HD study: analysis of 36-month observational data","volume":"12","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R31-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617715000090","article-title":"Assessing impairment of executive function and psychomotor speed in premanifest and manifest Huntington\u2019s disease gene-expansion carriers","volume":"21","author":"Unmack Larsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"R32-20260525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2012.01.002","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in prodromal Huntington\u2019s Disease correlate with Stroop-interference related functional connectivity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex","volume":"203","author":"Unschuld","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1673-5374.274342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:29:09Z","timestamp":1786735749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1673-5374.274342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.274342","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374","1876-7958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"},{"value":"1876-7958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-15","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}