{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:18:00Z","timestamp":1788268680872,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 (GSK-3\u03b2) has been shown to attenuate DNA damage in nerve cells, thereby enhancing neuronal survival under pathological conditions; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. An\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    serum-starvation retinal neuron model and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ischemia\/reperfusion retina injury rat model were established and treated with SB216763, a GSK-3\u03b2 inhibitor. SB21673 decreased the formation of \u03b3-H2A histone family member X foci and enhanced the viability of ischemic retinal neurons. In addition, SB216763 upregulated expression of phosphorylated-CREB1, a ligase IV transcription factor, and significantly increased the transcriptional activity of ligase IV in ischemic retinal neurons. These results were confirmed in rat retinas following ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, we found that unlike lithium chlorine (a well-known direct inhibitor of GSK-3\u03b2), SB216763 inhibited GSK-3\u03b2 activity by suppressing its phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest that GSK-3\u03b2 inhibition enhances repair of DNA double-strand breaks by upregulating ligase IV expression in ischemic retinal neurons. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center on February 18, 2018.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.290913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T16:15:06Z","timestamp":1598285706000},"page":"394-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 inhibitor SB216763 promotes DNA repair in ischemic retinal neurons"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Peng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan 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