{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:32:45Z","timestamp":1786739565385,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays an important role in the protection of dopaminergic neurons, but there are few reports of the relationship between GDNF and its precursors (\u03b1-pro-GDNF and \u03b2-pro-GDNF) and cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the serum levels of GDNF and its precursors and cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease, and to assess their potential as a diagnostic marker. Fifty-three primary outpatients and hospitalized patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (23 men and 30 women) with an average age of 66.58 years were enrolled from the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University of China in this case-control study. The patients were divided into the Parkinson\u2019s disease with cognitive impairment group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 27) and the Parkinson\u2019s disease with normal cognitive function group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 26) based on their Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Clinical Dementia Rating scores. In addition, 26 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included as the healthy control group. Results demonstrated that serum GDNF levels were significantly higher in the Parkinson\u2019s disease with normal cognitive function group than in the other two groups. There were no significant differences in GDNF precursor levels among the three groups. Correlation analysis revealed that serum GDNF levels, GDNF\/\u03b1-pro-GDNF ratios, and GDNF\/\u03b2-pro-GDNF ratios were moderately or highly correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Clinical Dementia Rating scores. To explore the risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease, logistic regression analysis and stepwise linear regression analysis were performed. Both GDNF levels and Hoehn-Yahr stage were risk factors for cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease, and were the common influencing factors for cognitive scale scores. Neither \u03b1-pro-GDNF nor \u03b2-pro-GDNF was risk factors for cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease. A receiver operating characteristic curve of GDNF was generated to predict cognitive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease (area under the curve = 0.859). This result indicates that the possibility that serum GDNF can correctly distinguish whether patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease have cognitive impairment is 0.859. Together, these results suggest that serum GDNF may be an effective diagnostic marker for cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease. However, \u03b1-pro-GDNF and \u03b2-pro-GDNF are not useful for predicting cognitive impairment in this disease. This study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China (approval No. XYFY2017-KL047-01) on November 30, 2017.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.297091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T12:02:23Z","timestamp":1605873743000},"page":"885-892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Possible role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for predicting cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ming-Yu","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Cheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Fang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operating Room, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Xi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8567-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dian-Shuai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 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