{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:33:37Z","timestamp":1786739617808,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Apoptosis, a key mechanism of programmed cell death, is triggered by caspase-3 protein and lowering its levels with gene therapy may rescue cell death after central nervous system damage. We developed a novel, non-viral gene therapy to block caspase-3 gene expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivered by polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (CaspNPs).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    CaspNPs significantly blocked caspase-3 protein expression in C6 cells, and when injected intraocularly\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , CaspNPs lowered retinal capsase-3 immunofluorescence by 57.9% in rats with optic nerve crush. Longitudinal, repeated retinal ganglion cell counts using confocal neuroimaging showed that post-traumatic cell loss after intraocular CaspNPs injection was only 36.1%\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    63.4% in lesioned controls. Because non-viral gene therapy with siRNA-nanoparticles can selectively silence caspace-3 gene expression and block apoptosis in post-mitotic neurons, siRNA delivery with nanoparticles may be promising for neuroprotection or restoration of central visual system damage and other neurological disorders. The animal study procedures were approved by the German National Act on the use of experimental animals (Ethic Committee Referat Verbraucherschutz, Veterin\u00e4rangelegenheiten; Landesverwaltungsamt Sachsen-Anhalt, Halle, Germany, # IMP\/G\/01-1150\/12 and # IMP\/G\/01-1469\/17).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.313068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T11:35:03Z","timestamp":1619350503000},"page":"2534-2541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gene therapy with caspase-3 small interfering RNA-nanoparticles is neuroprotective after optic nerve damage"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Process Engineering, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Grigartzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Heiduschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, M\u00fcnster University Hospital, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Hintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Process Engineering, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Henrich-Noack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, M\u00fcnster University Hospital, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berend","family":"van Wachem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Process Engineering, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4472-5543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard A.","family":"Sabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 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