{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:25:38Z","timestamp":1789053938262,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Regen Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.327331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T07:57:12Z","timestamp":1639209432000},"page":"1446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The role of L-arginine metabolism in neurocritical care patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"MariusMarc-Daniel","family":"Mader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Czorlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn M, Lee C, Jung K, Kim H, Moon C, Sim KB, Shin T (2012) Immunohistochemical study of arginase-1 in the spinal cords of rats with clip compression injury. Brain Res 1445:11-19.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.01.045"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akar E, Emon ST, Uslu S, Orakdogen M, Somay H (2019) Effect of L-Arginine Therapy on Vasospasm: Experimental Study in Rats. World Neurosurg 132:e443-446.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.119"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amorini AM, Lazzarino G, Di Pietro V, Signoretti S, Lazzarino G, Belli A, Tavazzi B (2017) Severity of experimental traumatic brain injury modulates changes in concentrations of cerebral free amino acids. J Cell Mol Med 21:530-542.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12998"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An SJ, Kim TJ, Yoon BW (2017) Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update. J Stroke 19:3-10.","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2016.00864"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appel D, Seeberger M, Schwedhelm E, Czorlich P, Goetz AE, B\u00f6ger RH, Hannemann J (2018) Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines are markers of delayed cerebral ischemia and neurological outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 29:84-93.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-018-0520-1"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barakat W, Fahmy A, Askar M, El-Kannishy S (2018) Effectiveness of arginase inhibitors against experimentally induced stroke. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 391:603-612.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-018-1489-1"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batulu H, Du GJ, Li DZ, Sailike D, Fan YH, Geng D (2019) Effect of poly-arginine R18 on neurocyte cell growth via autophagy in traumatic brain injury. Exp Ther Med 17:4109-4115.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.7423"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergstr\u00f6m A, Staals\u00f8 JM, Romner B, Olsen NV (2014) Impaired endothelial function after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage correlates with arginine:asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio. Br J Anaesth 112:311-318.","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet331"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bode-B\u00f6ger SM, Scalera F, Kielstein JT, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Breithardt G, Fobker M, Reinecke H (2006) Symmetrical dimethylarginine: a new combined parameter for renal function and extent of coronary artery disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:1128-1134.","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005101119"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6ger RH (2006) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a novel risk marker in cardiovascular medicine and beyond. Ann Med 38:126-136.","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890500472151"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6ger RH, Bode-B\u00f6ger SM, Szuba A, Tsao PS, Chan JR, Tangphao O, Blaschke TF, Cooke JP (1998) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 98:1842-1847.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.18.1842"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6ger RH, Bode-B\u00f6ger SM, Tsao PS, Lin PS, Chan JR, Cooke JP (2000) An endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase regulates endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:2287-2295.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01013-5"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busl KM, Bleck TP, Varelas PN (2019) Neurocritical care outcomes, research, and technology: a review. JAMA Neurol 76:612-618.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4407"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherian L, Hlatky R, Robertson CS (2004) Nitric oxide in traumatic brain injury. Brain Pathol 14:195-201.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00053.x"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu LS, Anderton RS, Cross JL, Clark VW, Edwards AB, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP (2017) Assessment of R18, COG1410, and APP96-110 in excitotoxicity and traumatic brain injury. Transl Neurosci 8:147-157.","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2017-0021"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu LS, Anderton RS, Cross JL, Clark VW, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP (2019) Poly-arginine peptide R18D reduces neuroinflammation and functional deficits following traumatic brain injury in the long-evans rat. Int J Pept Res Ther 25:1563-1572.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-018-09799-8"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu LS, Anderton RS, Clark VW, Cross JL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP (2020) Effect of polyarginine peptide R18D following a traumatic brain injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 92:100584.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2020.100584"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ckless K, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger Y (2007) Oxidative-nitrosative stress and post-translational protein modifications: implications to lung structure-function relations. Arginase modulates NF-kappaB activity via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 36:645-653.","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0329SM"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Closs EI, Basha FZ, Habermeier A, F\u00f6rstermann U (1997) Interference of L-arginine analogues with L-arginine transport mediated by the y+ carrier hCAT-2B. Nitric Oxide 1:65-73.","DOI":"10.1006\/niox.1996.0106"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davids M, Ndika JD, Salomons GS, Blom HJ, Teerlink T (2012) Promiscuous activity of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase is responsible for the synthesis of the novel cardiovascular risk factor homoarginine. FEBS Lett 586:3653-3657.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.08.020"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durante W, Johnson FK, Johnson RA (2007) Arginase: a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 34:906-911.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04638.x"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards AB, Mastaglia FL, Knuckey NW, Meloni BP (2020) Neuroprotective cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs): an assessment of their clinical safety. Drug Saf 43:957-969.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-020-00962-z"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etminan N, Chang HS, Hackenberg K, de Rooij NK, Vergouwen MDI, Rinkel GJE, Algra A (2019) Worldwide incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage according to region, time period, blood pressure, and smoking prevalence in the population: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 76:588-597.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0006"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feliers D, Lee DY, Gorin Y, Kasinath BS (2015) Symmetric dimethylarginine alters endothelial nitric oxide activity in glomerular endothelial cells. Cell Signal 27:1-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.09.024"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garry PS, Ezra M, Rowland MJ, Westbrook J, Pattinson KT (2015) The role of the nitric oxide pathway in brain injury and its treatment--from bench to bedside. Exp Neurol 263:235-243.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.10.017"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grosse GM, Schwedhelm E, Worthmann H, Choe CU (2020) Arginine Derivatives in Cerebrovascular Diseases: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 21:1798.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051798"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guptill JT, Raja SM, Boakye-Agyeman F, Noveck R, Ramey S, Tu TM, Laskowitz DT (2017) Phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single escalating dose and repeated doses of CN-105 in healthy adult subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 57:770-776.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.853"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hannemann J, Appel D, Seeberger-Steinmeister M, Bruning T, Zummack J, B\u00f6ger R (2020) Sequence variation in the DDAH1 gene predisposes for delayed cerebral ischemia in subarachnoidal hemorrhage. J Clin Med 9:3900.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123900"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh KF, Shih JM, Shih YM, Pai MH, Yeh SL (2018) Arginine administration increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and attenuates tissue injury in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia\/reperfusion. Nutrition 55-56:29-35.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.02.019"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iaccarino C, Carretta A, Nicolosi F, Morselli C (2018) Epidemiology of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg Sci 62:535-541.","DOI":"10.23736\/S0390-5616.18.04532-0"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeter CB, Hergenroeder GW, Ward NH, 3rd, Moore AN, Dash PK (2012) Human traumatic brain injury alters circulating L-arginine and its metabolite levels: possible link to cerebral blood flow, extracellular matrix remodeling, and energy status. J Neurotrauma 29:119-127.","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2029"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung CS, Iuliano BA, Harvey-White J, Espey MG, Oldfield EH, Pluta RM (2004) Association between cerebrospinal fluid levels of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine, an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and cerebral vasospasm in a primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 101:836-842.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.5.0836"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung CS, Oldfield EH, Harvey-White J, Espey MG, Zimmermann M, Seifert V, Pluta RM (2007) Association of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase with cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 107:945-950.","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/11\/0945"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung CS, Lange B, Zimmermann M, Seifert V (2012) The CSF concentration of ADMA, but not of ET-1, is correlated with the occurrence and severity of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett 524:20-24.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.06.076"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung CS, Lange B, Zimmermann M, Seifert V (2013) Role of endogenous monomethylated L-arginine (L-NMMA) after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res 35:709-712.","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132813Y.0000000194"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung CS, Wispel C, Zweckberger K, Beynon C, Hertle D, Sakowitz OW, Unterberg AW (2014) Endogenous nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor ADMA after acute brain injury. Int J Mol Sci 15:4088-4103.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15034088"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch M, Acharjee A, Ament Z, Schleicher R, Bevers M, Stapleton C, Patel A, Kimberly WT (2021) Machine learning-driven metabolomic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid: insights into poor outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 88:1003-1011.","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa557"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotagale NR, Taksande BG, Inamdar NN (2019) Neuroprotective offerings by agmatine. Neurotoxicology 73:228-245.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.05.001"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laskowitz DT, Wang H, Chen T, Lubkin DT, Cantillana V, Tu TM, Kernagis D, Zhou G, Macy G, Kolls BJ, Dawson HN (2017) Neuroprotective pentapeptide CN-105 is associated with reduced sterile inflammation and improved functional outcomes in a traumatic brain injury murine model. Sci Rep 7:46461.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46461"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawton MT, Vates GE (2017) Subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 377:257-266.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1605827"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei B, James ML, Liu J, Zhou G, Venkatraman TN, Lascola CD, Acheson SK, Dubois LG, Laskowitz DT, Wang H (2016) Neuroprotective pentapeptide CN-105 improves functional and histological outcomes in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Sci Rep 6:34834.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34834"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leiper J, Vallance P (1999) Biological significance of endogenous methylarginines that inhibit nitric oxide synthases. Cardiovasc Res 43:542-548.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00162-5"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li H, Wu W, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhang QR, Ni L, Hang CH (2014) Increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine correlate with adverse clinical outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. J Clin Neurosci 21:1404-1408.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.11.038"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li N, Worthmann H, Deb M, Chen S, Weissenborn K (2011) Nitric oxide (NO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): their pathophysiological role and involvement in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurol Res 33:541-548.","DOI":"10.1179\/016164111X13007856084403"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liddle L, Reinders R, South S, Blacker D, Knuckey N, Colbourne F, Meloni B (2019) Poly-arginine-18 peptides do not exacerbate bleeding, or improve functional outcomes following collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat. PLoS One 14:e0224870.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224870"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindgren C, Hultin M, Koskinen LO, Lindvall P, Borota L, Naredi S (2014) ADMA levels and arginine\/ADMA ratios reflect severity of disease and extent of inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 21:91-101.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9945-8"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhou G, Kolls BJ, Tan Y, Fang C, Wang H, Laskowitz DT (2018) Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide CN-105 improves outcome in a murine model of SAH. Stroke Vasc Neurol 3:222-230.","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000152"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logsdon AF, Meabon JS, Cline MM, Bullock KM, Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Banks WA, Cook DG (2018) Blast exposure elicits blood-brain barrier disruption and repair mediated by tight junction integrity and nitric oxide dependent processes. Sci Rep 8:11344.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29341-6"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logsdon AF, Schindler AG, Meabon JS, Yagi M, Herbert MJ, Banks WA, Raskind MA, Marshall DA, Keene CD, Perl DP, Peskind ER, Cook DG (2020) Nitric oxide synthase mediates cerebellar dysfunction in mice exposed to repetitive blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 10:9420.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66113-7"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madan S, Kron B, Jin Z, Al Shamy G, Campeau PM, Sun Q, Chen S, Cherian L, Chen Y, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Robertson C, Goodman C, Ratan RR, Lee B (2018) Arginase overexpression in neurons and its effect on traumatic brain injury. Mol Genet Metab 125:112-117.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2018.07.007"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mader MM, B\u00f6ger R, Appel D, Schwedhelm E, Haddad M, Mohme M, Lamszus K, Westphal M, Czorlich P, Hannemann J (2021) Intrathecal and systemic alterations of L-arginine metabolism in patients after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 271678x20983216.","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20983216"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maegele M, Lefering R, Sakowitz O, Kopp MA, Schwab JM, Steudel WI, Unterberg A, Hoffmann R, Uhl E, Marzi I (2019) The incidence and management of moderate to severe head injury. Dtsch Arztebl Int 116:167-173.","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2019.0167"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majdan M, Plancikova D, Brazinova A, Rusnak M, Nieboer D, Feigin V, Maas A (2016) Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries in Europe: a cross-sectional analysis. Lancet Public Health 1:e76-83.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(16)30017-2"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohme M, Sauvigny T, Mader MM, Schweingruber N, Maire CL, R\u00fcnger A, Ricklefs F, Regelsberger J, Schmidt NO, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Tolosa E, Czorlich P (2020) Immune characterization in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage reveals distinct monocytic activation and chemokine patterns. Transl Stroke Res 11:1348-1361.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00764-1"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris SM, Jr. (2002) Regulation of enzymes of the urea cycle and arginine metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 22:87-105.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.110801.140547"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-56","unstructured":"Netlyukh A (2016) [Pathological changes in the microstructure of the sensomotor cortex of white rats with experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage and after experimental influences]. Wiad Lek 69:243-248."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng SY, Lee AYW (2019) Traumatic brain injuries: pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets. Front Cell Neurosci 13:528.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00528"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pluta RM, Thompson BG, Dawson TM, Snyder SH, Boock RJ, Oldfield EH (1996) Loss of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in cerebral vasospasm. J Neurosurg 84:648-654.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.4.0648"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradilla G, Garzon-Muvdi T, Ruzevick JJ, Bender M, Edwards L, Momin EN, Thompson RC, Tamargo RJ (2012) Systemic L-citrulline prevents cerebral vasospasm in haptoglobin 2-2 transgenic mice after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 70:747-756; discussion 756-747.","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182363c2f"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rashid PA, Whitehurst A, Lawson N, Bath PM (2003) Plasma nitric oxide (nitrate\/nitrite) levels in acute stroke and their relationship with severity and outcome. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 12:82-87.","DOI":"10.1053\/jscd.2003.9"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynaert NL, Ckless K, Korn SH, Vos N, Guala AS, Wouters EF, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YM (2004) Nitric oxide represses inhibitory kappaB kinase through S-nitrosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:8945-8950.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400588101"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodling-Wahlstrom M, Olivecrona M, Koskinen LO, Naredi S, Hultin M (2012) Subarachnoid haemorrhage induces an inflammatory response followed by a delayed persisting increase in asymmetric dimethylarginine. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 72:484-489.","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2012.699098"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schepers E, Glorieux G, Dhondt A, Leybaert L, Vanholder R (2009) Role of symmetric dimethylarginine in vascular damage by increasing ROS via store-operated calcium influx in monocytes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24:1429-1435.","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn670"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schepers E, Barreto DV, Liabeuf S, Glorieux G, Eloot S, Barreto FC, Massy Z, Vanholder R (2011) Symmetric dimethylarginine as a proinflammatory agent in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:2374-2383.","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01720211"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarzmaier SM, Terpolilli NA, Dienel A, Gallozzi M, Schinzel R, Tegtmeier F, Plesnila N (2015) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediates arteriolar vasodilatation after traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurotrauma 32:731-738.","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3650"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staalso JM, Bergstr\u00f6m A, Edsen T, Weikop P, Romner B, Olsen NV (2013) Low plasma arginine:asymmetric dimethyl arginine ratios predict mortality after intracranial aneurysm rupture. Stroke 44:1273-1281.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000605"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stover JF, Belli A, Boret H, Bulters D, Sahuquillo J, Schmutzhard E, Zavala E, Ungerstedt U, Schinzel R, Tegtmeier F (2014) Nitric oxide synthase inhibition with the antipterin VAS203 improves outcome in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a placebo-controlled randomized Phase IIa trial (NOSTRA). J Neurotrauma 31:1599-1606.","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3344"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tain YL, Hsu CN (2017) Toxic dimethylarginines: asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Toxins (Basel) 9:92.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9030092"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tatlisumak T, Cucchiara B, Kuroda S, Kasner SE, Putaala J (2018) Nontraumatic intracerebral haemorrhage in young adults. Nat Rev Neurol 14:237-250.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2018.17"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tegtmeier F, Schinzel R, Beer R, Bulters D, LeFrant JY, Sahuquillo J, Unterberg A, Andrews P, Belli A, Ibanez J, Lagares A, Mokry M, Willschke H, Fl\u00fch C, Schmutzhard E (2020) Efficacy of Ronopterin (VAS203) in Patients with Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (NOSTRA phase III trial): study protocol of a confirmatory, placebo-controlled, randomised, double blind, multi-centre study. Trials 21:80.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3965-4"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terpolilli NA, Zweckberger K, Trabold R, Schilling L, Schinzel R, Tegtmeier F, Plesnila N (2009) The novel nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 4-amino-tetrahydro-L-biopterine prevents brain edema formation and intracranial hypertension following traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurotrauma 26:1963-1975.","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0853"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thampatty BP, Klamerus MM, Oberly PJ, Feldman KL, Bell MJ, Tyler-Kabara EC, Adelson PD, Clark RS, Kochanek PM, Poloyac SM (2013) Hypothermia decreases cerebrospinal fluid asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in children with traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med 14:403-412.","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31827212c0"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thum T, Fraccarollo D, Schultheiss M, Froese S, Galuppo P, Widder JD, Tsikas D, Ertl G, Bauersachs J (2007) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling impairs endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and function in diabetes. Diabetes 56:666-674.","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0699"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallance P, Leone A, Calver A, Collier J, Moncada S (1992) Endogenous dimethylarginine as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Cardiovasc Pharmacol 20 Suppl 12:S60-62.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199204002-00018"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Lieshout JH, Dibu\u00e9-Adjei M, Cornelius JF, Slotty PJ, Schneider T, Restin T, Boogaarts HD, Steiger HJ, Petridis AK, Kamp MA (2018) An introduction to the pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Rev 41:917-930.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-017-0827-y"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villalba N, Sackheim AM, Nunez IA, Hill-Eubanks DC, Nelson MT, Wellman GC, Freeman K (2017) Traumatic brain injury causes endothelial dysfunction in the systemic microcirculation through arginase-1-dependent uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Neurotrauma 34:192-203.","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4340"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahlstr\u00f6m MR, Olivecrona M, Ahlm C, Bengtsson A, Koskinen LO, Naredi S, Hultin M (2014) Effects of prostacyclin on the early inflammatory response in patients with traumatic brain injury-a randomised clinical study. Springerplus 3:98.","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-98"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wanby P, Teerlink T, Brudin L, Brattstrom L, Nilsson I, Palmqvist P, Carlsson M (2006) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a risk marker for stroke and TIA in a Swedish population. Atherosclerosis 185:271-277.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.033"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H, Faw TD, Lin Y, Huang S, Venkatraman TN, Cantillana V, Lascola CD, James ML, Laskowitz DT (2021) Neuroprotective pentapeptide, CN-105, improves outcomes in translational models of intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care doi: 10.1007\/s12028-020-01184-y.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.15.339184"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiland J, Beez A, Westermaier T, Kunze E, Sir\u00e9n AL, Lilla N (2021) Neuroprotective strategies in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Int J Mol Sci 22:5442.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115442"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wells SM, Holian A (2007) Asymmetric dimethylarginine induces oxidative and nitrosative stress in murine lung epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 36:520-528.","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0302SM"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson DA, Pandey AS, Thompson BG, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G (2018) Injury mechanisms in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neuropharmacology 134:240-248.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.09.033"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Worthmann H, Li N, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Dirks M, Schuppner R, Lichtinghagen R, Kielstein JT, Raab P, Lanfermann H, Bode-B\u00f6ger SM, Weissenborn K (2017) Dimethylarginines in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: association with outcome, hematoma enlargement, and edema. J Neuroinflammation 14:247.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1016-1"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia Y, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Snyder SH, Zweier JL (1996) Nitric oxide synthase generates superoxide and nitric oxide in arginine-depleted cells leading to peroxynitrite-mediated cellular injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:6770-6774.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6770"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao D, Liu Q, Ji Y, Wang G, He X, Tian W, Xu H, Lei T, Wang Y (2015) Effect of 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid on cerebral vasospasm caused by asymmetric dimethylarginine after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Neurol Res 37:476-483.","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132814Y.0000000462"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1673-5374.327331-86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng F, Zhou YT, Feng DD, Li PF, Tang T, Luo JK, Wang Y (2020) Metabolomics analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of traumatic brain injury during the acute phase. Brain Behav 10:e01520.","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1520"}],"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:25:51Z","timestamp":1787163951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1673-5374.327331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["327331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.327331","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}