{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:09:04Z","timestamp":1793815744625,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>JOURNAL\/nrgr\/04.03\/01300535-202310000-00039\/figure1\/v\/2026-05-25T160659Z\/r\/image-tiff<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have protective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, but ADSCs are limited in use for treatment of optic nerve injury. Studies have shown that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by ADSCs (ADSC-EVs) not only have the function of ADSCs, but also have unique advantages including non-immunogenicity, low probability of abnormal growth, and easy access to target cells. In the present study, we showed that intravitreal injection of ADSC-EVs substantially reduced glutamate-induced damage to retinal morphology and electroretinography. In addition, R28 cell pretreatment with ADSC-EVs before injury inhibited glutamate-induced overload of intracellular calcium, downregulation of \u03b1-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA2, and phosphorylation of GluA2 and protein kinase C alpha\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A protein kinase C alpha agonist, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, inhibited the neuroprotective effects of ADSC-EVs on glutamate-induced R28 cells. These findings suggest that ADSC-EVs ameliorate glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in the retina through inhibiting protein kinase C alpha activation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.369123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T02:25:33Z","timestamp":1676427933000},"page":"2315-2320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduce glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in the retina"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6654-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian-Qi","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 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