{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:07:44Z","timestamp":1792624064736,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.375301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T08:10:01Z","timestamp":1685002201000},"page":"55-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Pathological and therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Izquierdo-Altarejos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Moreno-Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Felipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047094","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1047094","article-title":"Role of MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles in tissue repair and regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Aguiar","year":"(2023)","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"R2-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.236083","article-title":"p38 MAP kinase is a therapeutic target for hepatic encephalopathy in rats with portacaval shunts","volume":"60","author":"Agusti","year":"(2011)","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R3-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.12.016","article-title":"The transcellular spread of cytosolic amyloids, prions, and prionoids","volume":"64","author":"Aguzzi","year":"(2009)","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"R4-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807","article-title":"Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes","volume":"29","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"(2011)","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"R5-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3016","article-title":"Concise review:mesenchymal stem cells:from roots to boost","volume":"37","author":"Andrzejewska","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"R6-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2816","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells:immune evasive, not immune privileged","volume":"32","author":"Ankrum","year":"(2014)","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"R7-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2006.12.447","article-title":"Murine bone marrow stromal progenitor cells elicit an in vivo cellular and humoral alloimmune response","volume":"13","author":"Badillo","year":"(2007)","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"R8-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.05.009","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease:progress and challenges","volume":"26","author":"Bagno","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"R9-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10164-4","article-title":"MSC-derived extracellular vesicles to heal diabetic wounds:a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical animal studies","volume":"18","author":"Bailey","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"R10-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8587","article-title":"Microglia modulate neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases","volume":"370","author":"Bartels","year":"(2020)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R11-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity:uncovering the molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"(2007)","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R12-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071450","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem\/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as novel immunomodulatory therapeutic agents","volume":"18","author":"B\u00f6rger","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R13-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13270","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13270","article-title":"Peripheral inflammation induces neuroinflammation that alters neurotransmission and cognitive and motor function in hepatic encephalopathy:Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"226","author":"Cabrera-Pastor","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf"},{"key":"R14-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9328347","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9328347","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells improve healing of diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"2017","author":"Cao","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"R15-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002661","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stromal cell source and culture conditions influence extracellular vesicle angiogenic and metabolic effects on human endothelial cells in vitro","volume":"89","author":"Chance","year":"(2020)","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"R16-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-016-0458-3","article-title":"Elucidation of exosome migration across the blood-brain barrier model in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"(2016)","journal-title":"Cell Mol Bioeng"},{"key":"R17-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2473-5","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells repair a Parkinson's disease model by inducing autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"(2020a)","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"R18-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0174","article-title":"Exosomal 2',3'-CNP from mesenchymal stem cells promotes hippocampus CA1 neurogenesis\/neuritogenesis and contributes to rescue of cognition\/learning deficiencies of damaged brain","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"(2020b)","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"R19-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2021-0025","article-title":"Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome-loaded injectable hydrogel for minimally invasive treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"(2021)","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond"},{"key":"R20-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1602-5","article-title":"Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate neuroinflammation evoked by focal brain injury in rats","volume":"16","author":"Dabrowska","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R21-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9636897221083863","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897221083863","article-title":"Final Results of Allogeneic Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Ischemic Stroke (AMASCIS):A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center, pilot clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"de Celis-Ruiz","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"R22-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184597","article-title":"Insights into the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells and its potential applications","volume":"20","author":"Eleuteri","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R23-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2105586","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202105586","article-title":"Exosomes-loaded electroconductive hydrogel synergistically promotes tissue repair after spinal cord injury via immunoregulation and enhancement of myelinated axon growth","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh"},{"key":"R24-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.12.009","article-title":"In vitro analysis of immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell- and tumor cell -derived exosomes on recall antigen-specific responses","volume":"67","author":"Fathollahi","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R25-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3587","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy:effects of liver failure on brain function","volume":"14","author":"Felipo","year":"(2013)","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R26-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9041059","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells modulate CD4+T lymphocytes toward a regulatory profile","volume":"9","author":"Franco","year":"(2020)","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R27-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12923","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mature dendritic cells increase endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis via membrane TNF-\u03b1mediated NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"(2016)","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"R28-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00115-w","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells reduce microglial-mediated neuroinflammation after cortical injury in aged Rhesus monkeys","volume":"42","author":"Go","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"R29-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1663","article-title":"Biodistribution of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in a model of acute kidney injury monitored by optical imaging","volume":"33","author":"Grange","year":"(2014)","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"R30-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.585703","article-title":"Acceleration of \u03b1-synuclein aggregation by exosomes","volume":"290","author":"Grey","year":"(2015)","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R31-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.09.011","article-title":"Lymphocyte-derived exosomal microRNAs promote pancreatic \u03b2cell death and may contribute to type 1 diabetes development","volume":"29","author":"Guay","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"R32-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815347","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.815347","article-title":"Microglia polarization from M1 to M2 in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R33-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-68","article-title":"Exosomes as mediators of neuroinflammation","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"(2014)","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R34-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01810-z","article-title":"Exosomes from patients with Parkinson's disease are pathological in mice","volume":"97","author":"Han","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl"},{"key":"R35-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0354-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rat model of spinal cord injury","volume":"71","author":"Han","year":"(2015)","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"R36-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14240","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140714240","article-title":"Intercellular communication by exosome-derived microRNAs in cancer","volume":"14","author":"Hannafon","year":"(2013)","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R37-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121605","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and other extracellular vesicles as new remedies in the therapy of inflammatory diseases","volume":"8","author":"Harrell","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R38-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00366-6","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"H\u00e4ussinger","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"R39-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2015.072","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles","volume":"26","author":"Heldring","year":"(2015)","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"R40-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0505-y","article-title":"Hyperammonemia induces glial activation, neuroinflammation and alters neurotransmitter receptors in hippocampus, impairing spatial learning:reversal by sulforaphane","volume":"13","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Rabaza","year":"(2016)","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R41-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15756","article-title":"Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis","volume":"527","author":"Hoshino","year":"(2015)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R42-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.02.032","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of MSC-derived exosomes armed with high affinity aptamer toward mylein as a platform for reducing multiple sclerosis clinical score","volume":"299","author":"Hosseini","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"R43-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.12.022","article-title":"Sustained anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-\u03b21 on microglia\/macrophages","volume":"1864","author":"Islam","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"R44-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030572","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from hyperammonemic rats induce neuroinflammation and motor incoordination in control rats","volume":"9","author":"Izquierdo-Altarejos","year":"(2020)","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R45-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921947","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.921947","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from hyperammonemic rats induce neuroinflammation in cerebellum of normal rats:role of increased TNF\u03b1content","volume":"13","author":"Izquierdo-Altarejos","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R46-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02688-4","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells reduce neuroinflammation in hippocampus and restore cognitive function in hyperammonemic rats","volume":"20","author":"Izquierdo-Altarejos","year":"(2023)","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R47-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1159\/000490078","article-title":"Exosomes from miR-30d-5p-ADSCs reverse acute ischemic stroke-induced, autophagy-mediated brain injury by promoting M2 microglial\/macrophage polarization","volume":"47","author":"Jiang","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"R48-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-03179-6","article-title":"Exosomes from inflamed macrophages promote the progression of Parkinson's disease by inducing neuroinflammation","volume":"60","author":"Jin","year":"(2023)","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R49-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01149","article-title":"Progress of research on exosomes in the protection against ischemic brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"R50-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10261-4","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells can be taken up by microglial cells and partially prevent the stimulation induced by \u03b2-amyloid","volume":"18","author":"Kaniowska","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"R51-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02406-2","article-title":"Circulating exosomes suppress the induction of regulatory T cells via let-7i in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Kimura","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R52-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02530-6","article-title":"Phase II multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of intra-articular injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with platelet rich plasma for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis","volume":"18","author":"Lamo-Espinosa","year":"(2020)","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"R53-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1159-y","article-title":"Circulating exosomes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus induce an proinflammatory immune response","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"(2016)","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"R54-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1038-8","article-title":"In vivo evidence for the contribution of peripheral circulating inflammatory exosomes to neuroinflammation","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R55-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c00929","article-title":"Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes immobilized in an adhesive hydrogel for effective treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"(2020)","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"R56-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0648-5","article-title":"Exosomes secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth contribute to functional recovery after traumatic brain injury by shifting microglia M1\/M2 polarization in rats","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"R57-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2035","article-title":"Exosomal sphingosine 1-phosphate secreted by mesenchymal stem cells regulated Treg\/Th17 balance in aplastic anemia","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"(2019a)","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"R58-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.12.001","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells attenuate inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system in EAE rats by regulating the polarization of microglia","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"(2019b)","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"R59-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx002","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles:a glimmer of hope in treating Alzheimer's disease","volume":"29","author":"Liew","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"R61-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e346","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.63","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy for liver diseases","volume":"49","author":"Lou","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"R62-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.09.026","article-title":"Exosomal OTULIN from M2 macrophages promotes the recovery of spinal cord injuries via stimulating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway-mediated vascular regeneration","volume":"136","author":"Luo","year":"(2021)","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"R63-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-1004-0","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-92a-3p-overexpressing human mesenchymal stem cells enhance chondrogenesis and suppress cartilage degradation via targeting WNT5A","volume":"9","author":"Mao","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"R64-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.028","article-title":"Exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of liver diseases","volume":"59","author":"Masyuk","year":"(2013)","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R65-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5946527","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5946527","article-title":"Plasma rich in growth factors induces cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cell survival of adipose-derived stem cells","volume":"2017","author":"Mellado-L\u00f3pez","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"R66-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00294","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells'secretome exerts neuroprotective effects in a Parkinson's disease rat model","volume":"7","author":"Mendes-Pinheiro","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"R67-9-20230626","first-page":"257","article-title":"Phenotypic modulation of auto-reactive cells by insertion of tolerogenic molecules via MSC-derived exosomes","volume":"3","author":"Mokarizadeh","year":"(2012)","journal-title":"Vet Res Forum"},{"key":"R68-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01722E","article-title":"Hypoxia-stimulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded by adhesive hydrogel for effective angiogenic treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"10","author":"Mu","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"R69-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02759-w","article-title":"Efficacy of stem cell secretome in the treatment of traumatic brain injury:A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies","volume":"59","author":"Muhammad","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R71-9-20230626","first-page":"1733","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Nallakumarasamy","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Life (Basel"},{"key":"R72-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0217","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells modulate the functional properties of microglia via TGF-\u03b2secretion","volume":"5","author":"Noh","year":"(2016)","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"R73-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186765","article-title":"Role of extracellular vesicles in substance abuse and HIV-related neurological pathologies","volume":"21","author":"Odegaard","year":"(2020)","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R74-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17708917","article-title":"Exosomes promote restoration after an experimental animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"38","author":"Otero-Ortega","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R75-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31203-X","article-title":"Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Cx601) for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease:a phase 3 randomised, double-blind controlled trial","volume":"388","author":"Pan\u00e9s","year":"(2016)","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R76-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0584-5","article-title":"Cocaine-mediated downregulation of miR-124 activates microglia by targeting KLF4 and TLR4 signaling","volume":"55","author":"Periyasamy","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"R77-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114199","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome for traumatic brain injury:Focus on immunomodulatory action","volume":"357","author":"Pischiutta","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"R78-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000258649.23081.a3","article-title":"Although pig allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells are not immunogenic in vitro, intracardiac injection elicits an immune response in vivo","volume":"83","author":"Poncelet","year":"(2007)","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"R79-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0416","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit neutrophil apoptosis:a model for neutrophil preservation in the bone marrow niche","volume":"26","author":"Raffaghello","year":"(2008)","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"R80-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.1161","article-title":"B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles","volume":"183","author":"Raposo","year":"(1996)","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R81-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404296","article-title":"Membrane-derived microvesicles:important and underappreciated mediators of cell-to-cell communication","volume":"20","author":"Ratajczak","year":"(2006)","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"R82-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2019.04.002","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases:Challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives","volume":"98","author":"Regmi","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R83-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.255978","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote neurogenesis and cognitive function recovery in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Reza-Zaldivar","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R84-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6670","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b01004","article-title":"Stem cell-derived exosomes as nanotherapeutics for autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"13","author":"Riazifar","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"R85-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825086","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.825086","article-title":"Microglia and neuroinflammation:crucial pathological mechanisms in traumatic brain injury-induced neurodegeneration","volume":"14","author":"Shao","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"R86-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650458","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2019.1650458","article-title":"Endosomal signalling via exosome surface TGF\u03b2-1","volume":"8","author":"Shelke","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"R87-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883378","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.883378","article-title":"Current status of mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells for treatment of neurological diseases","volume":"15","author":"Soares","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"R88-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22435","article-title":"Endogenous transforming growth factor-beta promotes quiescence of primary microglia in vitro","volume":"61","author":"Spittau","year":"(2013)","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"R89-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00487","article-title":"Pathological proteins are transported by extracellular vesicles of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","volume":"12","author":"Sproviero","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"R90-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535750","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"R91-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080855","article-title":"Intranasally administered exosomes from umbilical cord stem cells have preventive neuroprotective effects and contribute to functional recovery after perinatal brain injury","volume":"8","author":"Thomi","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R92-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1275-5","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles are increased in the serum of children with autism spectrum disorder, contain mitochondrial DNA, and stimulate human microglia to secrete IL-1\u03b2","volume":"15","author":"Tsilioni","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R93-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.295269","article-title":"The use of hydrogel-delivered extracellular vesicles in recovery of motor function in stroke:a testable experimental hypothesis for clinical translation including behavioral and neuroimaging assessment approaches","volume":"16","author":"Tsintou","year":"(2021)","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"R94-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1596","article-title":"Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells","volume":"9","author":"Valadi","year":"(2007)","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"R95-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2016.12.002","article-title":"Repeated subarachnoid administrations of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells supported in autologous plasma improve quality of life in patients suffering incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"19","author":"Vaquero","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"R96-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8020118","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes:a new possible therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease?","volume":"8","author":"Vila\u00e7a-Faria","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"R97-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.21666","article-title":"Ethical and safety issues of stem cell-based therapy","volume":"15","author":"Volarevic","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"R98-9-20230626","first-page":"3747","article-title":"Surface-bound TGF-beta1 on effusion-derived exosomes participates in maintenance of number and suppressive function of regulatory T-cells in malignant effusions","volume":"30","author":"Wada","year":"(2010)","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"R99-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11522","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes reduce A\u03b2deposition and improve cognitive function recovery in mice with Alzheimer's disease by activating sphingosine kinase\/sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"(2021)","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"key":"R100-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2017.11.002","article-title":"MSC-exosome:A novel cell-free therapy for cutaneous regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"(2018)","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"R101-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2147","article-title":"Exosomal miR-1246 derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells attenuates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by modulating T helper 17\/regulatory T balance","volume":"71","author":"Xie","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"R102-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17331-8","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles regulate acquired immune response of lupus mouse in vitro","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"(2022)","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R103-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.015204","article-title":"MicroRNA cluster miR-17-92 cluster in exosomes enhance neuroplasticity and functional recovery after stroke in rats","volume":"48","author":"Xin","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"R104-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.152","article-title":"Systemic administration of exosomes released from mesenchymal stromal cells promote functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity after stroke in rats","volume":"33","author":"Xin","year":"(2013)","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"R105-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27066","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.27066","article-title":"Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions","volume":"4","author":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-M\u00f3","year":"(2015)","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"R106-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-02714-z","article-title":"MiR-124 enriched exosomes promoted the M2 polarization of microglia and enhanced hippocampus neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury by inhibiting TLR4 pathway","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"R107-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.06.006","article-title":"TLR4 signal ablation attenuated neurological deficits by regulating microglial M1\/M2 phenotype after traumatic brain injury in mice","volume":"310","author":"Yao","year":"(2017)","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"R108-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1332-8","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells reverse EMT via TGF-\u03b21\/Smad pathway and promote repair of damaged endometrium","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"R109-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201243295","article-title":"Exosomes with membrane-associated TGF-\u03b21 from gene-modified dendritic cells inhibit murine EAE independently of MHC restriction","volume":"43","author":"Yu","year":"(2013)","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R110-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.11.027","article-title":"A potential function for neuronal exosomes:sequestering intracerebral amyloid-\u03b2peptide","volume":"589","author":"Yuyama","year":"(2015)","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"R111-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-106","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"(2013)","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"R112-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25617","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells modulate miR-126 to ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced retinal inflammation via targeting HMGB1","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"(2019)","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R113-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.11.JNS14770","article-title":"Effect of exosomes derived from multipluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells on functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity in rats after traumatic brain injury","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"(2015)","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R114-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03270-2","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of stem cell extracellular vesicles for ischemic stroke in preclinical rodent models:a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"(2023)","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"R115-9-20230626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-210","article-title":"TGF\u03b2signalling plays an important role in IL4-induced alternative activation of microglia","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"(2012)","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["Neural Regeneration Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1673-5374.375301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:11:21Z","timestamp":1787760681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/1673-5374.375301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.375301","relation":{},"ISSN":["1673-5374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1673-5374","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}}}