{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:32:21Z","timestamp":1793997141281,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neutrophil extracellular traps are primarily composed of DNA and histones and are released by neutrophils to promote inflammation and thrombosis when stimulated by various inflammatory reactions. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation occurs through lytic and non-lytic pathways that can be further classified by formation mechanisms. Histones, von Willebrand factor, fibrin, and many other factors participate in the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis. Neuro-immunothrombosis summarizes the intricate interplay between inflammation and thrombosis during neural development and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, providing cutting-edge insights into post-neurotrauma thrombotic events. The blood-brain barrier defends the brain and spinal cord against external assaults, and neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis contributes substantially to secondary injuries in neurological diseases. Further research is needed to understand how neutrophil extracellular traps promote blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis, but recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps play a crucial role in immunothrombosis, and identified modulators of neuro-immunothrombosis. However, these neurological diseases occur in blood vessels, and the mechanisms are unclear by which neutrophil extracellular traps penetrate the blood-brain barrier to participate in immunothrombosis in traumatic brain injury. This review discusses the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in neuro-immunothrombosis and explores potential therapeutic interventions to modulate neutrophil extracellular traps that may reduce immunothrombosis and improve traumatic brain injury outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.389625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T14:01:20Z","timestamp":1702735280000},"page":"1734-1740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate neuro-immunothrombosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Lou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8718-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanjun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1720-1226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030487","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer-induced neutrophil extracellular traps: a potential contributor to cancer-associated thrombosis","volume":"18","author":"Abdol Razak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R2-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108516","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Covid-19: A new frontiers for therapeutic modality","volume":"104","author":"Al-Kuraishy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int 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