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The present review provides an overview of recent research, conducted between 2018 and 2023, focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylphenidate, caffeine, and nicotine. Detailed elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and\/or therapeutic purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T09:08:05Z","timestamp":1702544885000},"page":"1908-1918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans: an overview of recent findings"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marcello","family":"Serra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Simola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia E.","family":"Pollack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0815-9652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, 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