{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:13:59Z","timestamp":1792174439488,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. Blood-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Traditionally, it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration, but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal loss. Thus, the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective therapeutics. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases, there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional assessments. Recently, several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been proposed. Especially in the Alzheimer's disease field, the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease from pathological analyses, imaging studies, animal models, and stem cell sources. Additionally, we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T10:00:09Z","timestamp":1702548009000},"page":"1954-1960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kinya","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2990-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Nshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurotherapeutics, Yamaguchi University, 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