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This review aimed at discussing the great potential of H9N2 virus which is circulating at avian-human interface, for cross-species transmission, contribution in the production of new reassortants and emergence of new pandemic subtypes. An intensified surveillance is needed for controlling the future risks which would be created by H9N2 circulation at avian-human interfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.187253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,29]],"date-time":"2016-07-29T06:21:37Z","timestamp":1469773297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The avian influenza H9N2 at avian-human interface: A possible risk for the future pandemics"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"RahimiRad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student of Medicine, Tuberclosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of English, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Effat","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Masoud","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250827","first-page":"85","article-title":"Aquatic leech as a rare cause of respiratory distress and hemoptysis","volume":"60","author":"Rahimi-Rad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pneumologia"},{"key":"R2-20250827","first-page":"299","article-title":"Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis with bronchopulmonary spread in a 70-year-old man","volume":"55","author":"Rad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"key":"R3-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.21.3243","article-title":"Clinical signs and symptoms predicting influenza infection","volume":"160","author":"Monto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R4-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.051","article-title":"An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza","volume":"25","author":"Alexander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"Chapter 15","key":"R5-20250827","article-title":"Influenza: Propagation, quantification, and storage","author":"Balish","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol"},{"key":"R6-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14854-4","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"362","author":"Nicholson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"R7-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.017608-0","article-title":"Genome packaging in influenza A virus","volume":"91","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R9-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2014.922417","article-title":"Development of live attenuated influenza vaccines against pandemic influenza strains","volume":"13","author":"Coelingh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"R10-20250827","first-page":"105","article-title":"Discovery of men infected by avian influenza A (H9N2) virus","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"R11-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5760","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5760-5767.2005","article-title":"Human infection with an avian H9N2 influenza A virus in Hong Kong in 2003","volume":"43","author":"Butt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R12-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.2814-2822.2005","article-title":"Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls","volume":"79","author":"Fouchier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R13-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2307\/1588557","article-title":"Avian influenza virus infections. 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