{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:19:57Z","timestamp":1787840397502,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to previous publications, in patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction, thrombolytic therapy using intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) necessitates precise documentation of symptoms\u2019 onset. The aim of this study was to identify major barriers related to the IV-tPA injection in such patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between the year 2014-2015, patients with definitive diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 180) who attended the neurology ward located at the Isfahan Alzahra Hospital were studied. To investigate barriers related to door to IV-tPA needle time, personal reasons, and criteria for inclusion or exclusion of patients, three questionnaire forms were designed based on the Food and Drug Administration-approved indications or contraindications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of males versus females was 60 versus 77.5 years (ranged 23\u201393\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 29\u201370 years), respectively. Out of total population, only 10.7% transferred to hospital in &lt;4.5 h after the onset of symptoms. Regarding to eligibility for IV-tPA, 68.9% of total population have had criteria for such treatment. Concerning to both items such as transferring to hospital in &lt;4.5 h after the onset of symptoms and eligibility for IV-tPA, only 6.6% of total population met the criteria for such management. There was ignorance or inattention to symptoms in 75% of population studied. There was a mean of 195.92 \u00b1 6.65 min (182.8\u2013209.04 min) for door to IV-tPA needle time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the international guidelines for IV-tPA injection within 3\u20134.5 h of ischemic stroke symptoms\u2019 onset, the results of this study revealed that falling time due to ignorance of symptoms, literacy, and living alone might need further attention. As a result, to decrease death and disability, educational programs related to the symptoms\u2019 onset by consultant neurologist in Isfahan\/Iran seem to be advantageous.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.200318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T04:36:36Z","timestamp":1487219796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tissue plasminogen activator; identifying major barriers related to intravenous injection in ischemic acute cerebral infraction"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fariborz","family":"Khorvash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Isfahan Neuroscience Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 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