{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:20:17Z","timestamp":1787840417618,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) is a severe autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that throughout epidemiological data, it has not been completely determined. The aim of this study was to assess characteristics of NMOSD patients in Isfahan as one of the most prevalent cities for multiple sclerosis in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-five patients diagnosed as neuromyelitis optica (NMO) disease through 5 years enrolled in this study. Demographics and characteristics of disease such as Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, disease duration, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and magnetic resonance imaging findings (including T1, T2, and flair protocols) were recorded. NMO-immunoglobulin G serology assay was done in all of the patients by ELISA test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female to male ratio was 5.4:1. The mean age of disease onset was 29.8 \u00b1 11.2 years. NMO antibody was positive in 24.4% of patients. The presenting symptoms were optic neuritis (55.5%), transverse myelitis (40%), and brainstem symptoms (4.5%). The interval between the first and second attack was 19.28 \u00b1 31.27 months (range: 1 month to 17 years). The mean EDSS score of the patients was 2.8 \u00b1 2.25. Frequency of long-extending cervical plaque was higher among men than women (85.7% vs. 57.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on this study, the mean age of NMOSD onset among Isfahan population was considerably lower than other studies, and there was higher frequency of long-extending cervical lesion among male patients which needs more consideration in further studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.202142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]],"date-time":"2017-03-15T04:55:24Z","timestamp":1489553724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease characteristics in Isfahan, Iran: A cross-sectional 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Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"},{"name":"Student of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Vesal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250827","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308984","article-title":"Overlapping CNS inflammatory diseases: Differentiating features of NMO and 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