{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:13:39Z","timestamp":1788506019300,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plantago major<\/jats:italic>\n                      has been applied as a herbal remedy for centuries. However, studies on anti-inflammatory activities and their chemical ingredients are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      in three animal models and its phytochemical contents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental approach:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dichloromethane extract (DCM) of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      was fractionated with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      -hexane to yield the soluble (SHF) and insoluble (IHF) fractions. The anti-inflammatory activities of DCM, SHF, and IHF were evaluated using rat\u2019s paw edema induced by carrageenan, thioglycolate-induced leukocyte emigration in the mice, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by complete Freund\u2019s adjuvants in rats. The chemical constituents were analyzed using a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings \/ Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DCM, SHF, and IHF inhibited paw edema in the rats and reduced the leukocyte migration in the mice. At dose 560 mg\/kg, the percentage of inhibitory was 47.33%, 55.51%, and 46.61% for the DCM, IHF, and SHF, respectively. In the RA animal model, IHF at 280 and 560 mg\/kg reduced osteoclast formation and COX-2 expression compared to diclofenac. Some compounds namely oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and oleamide identified in the DCM, IHF, and SHF may be responsible for these activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study showed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. major<\/jats:italic>\n                      has several\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in-vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      anti-inflammatory activities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.359433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:43:11Z","timestamp":1666572191000},"page":"665-676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["In vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Plantago major extract and fractions and analysis of their phytochemical components using a high-resolution mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Asih","family":"Triastuti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimas Adhi","family":"Pradana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwang Davi","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanang","family":"Fakhrudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Setiawan Khoirul","family":"Himmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitarina","family":"Widyarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Rohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2017.09.002","article-title":"Water and ethanol extracts of Plantago major leaves show anti-inflammatory activity on oral epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Zubair","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Tradit Complement Med"},{"key":"R2-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.09.152","article-title":"Chemical constituents and medical benefits of Plantago major","volume":"96","author":"Adom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"R3-6-20240909","first-page":"67","article-title":"GC-MS analysis of various extracts from leaf of Plantago major used as traditional medicine","volume":"17","author":"Jamilah","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J"},{"key":"R4-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1021\/np000620d","article-title":"COX-2 inhibitory effects of naturally occurring and modified fatty acids","volume":"64","author":"Ringbom","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"key":"R5-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)95224-5","article-title":"Majoroside, an iridoid glucoside from Plantago major","volume":"30","author":"Handjieva","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"R6-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2010.9707093","article-title":"Effect of Plantago major on burn wound healing in rat","volume":"37","author":"Amini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appli Anim Res"},{"key":"R7-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5921514","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5921514","article-title":"Pharmacological evaluation of Mentha spicata L. and Plantago major L., medicinal plants used to treat anxiety and insomnia in colombian caribbean coast","volume":"2018","author":"Caro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"R8-6-20240909","first-page":"182","article-title":"Renoprotective effect of Plantago major against nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by cisplatin","volume":"10","author":"Parhizgar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"R9-6-20240909","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2015.06.013","article-title":"Plantago major treatment enhanced innate antioxidant activity in experimental acetaminophen toxicity","volume":"5","author":"Hussan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"R10-6-20240909","first-page":"637","article-title":"Constituents of Plantago major subsp","volume":"35","author":"Kolak","year":"2011","journal-title":"intermedia with antioxidant and anticholinesterase capacities. 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