{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:57:35Z","timestamp":1789541855969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2210,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asian J Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea occurs due to communication between the intracranial subarachnoid space and the sinonasal mucosa. It could be due to trauma, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), tumors, erosive diseases, and congenital skull defects. Some leaks could be spontaneous without any specific etiology. The potential leak sites include the cribriform plate, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal sinus. Glucose estimation, although non-specific, is the most popular and readily available method of diagnosis. Glucose concentration of &gt; 30 mg\/dl without any blood contamination strongly suggests presence and the absence of glucose rules out CSF in the fluid. Beta-2 transferrin test confirms the diagnosis. High-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance cisternography are complementary to each other and are the investigation of choice. Surgical intervention is indicated, when conservative management fails to prevent risk of meningitis. Endoscopic closure has revolutionized the management of CSF rhinorrhea due to its less morbidity and better closure rate. It is usually best suited for small defects in cribriform plate, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinus. Large defects can be repaired when sufficient experience is acquired. Most frontal sinus leaks, although difficult, can be successfully closed by modified Lothrop procedure. Factors associated with increased recurrences are middle age, obese female, raised ICP, diabetes mellitus, lateral sphenoid leaks, superior and lateral extension in frontal sinus, multiple leaks, and extensive skull base defects. Appropriate treatment for raised ICP, in addition to proper repair, should be done to prevent recurrence. Long follow-up is required before leveling successful repair as recurrences may occur very late.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.145101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,19]],"date-time":"2014-11-19T13:05:17Z","timestamp":1416402317000},"page":"183-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yad","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Parihar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayanan","family":"Janakiram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Pearl Hospital, Trichy, Tamil Nadu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonjay","family":"Pande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radio Diagnosis, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitin","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemant","family":"Namdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Water jet dissection technique for endoscopic third ventriculostomy minimises the risk of bleeding and neurological complications in obstructive hydrocephalus with a thick and opaque third ventricle floor","author":"Yadav","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-2","first-page":"280","volume-title":"Endoscopic treatment of supra sellar arachnoid cyst","author":"Yadav","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol India","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-3886","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-3","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Endonasal endoscopicrepair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","author":"Landeiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-4","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","author":"Yadav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-5","first-page":"74","volume-title":"A new minimally invasive tubular brain retractor system for surgery of deep intracerebral hematoma","author":"Yadav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol India","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-3886","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-6","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluidleaks","author":"Sanderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-7","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Endoscopic reconstruction of the anterior skull base in cerebrospinal rhinorrhea","author":"Golusinski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Pol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-8","first-page":"208","volume-title":"Endoscopic CSF rhinorrheaclosure: Our experience in 267 cases","author":"Kirtane","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-9","first-page":"174","volume-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: An institutional perspective from Pakistan","author":"Tahir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2152-7806","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-10","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Neuroendoscopic transnasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","author":"Husain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-11","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Subcranial transnasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with free autologous grafts by the combined overlay and underlay techniques","author":"El-Banhawy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-12","first-page":"142","volume-title":"Long-term study of endonasal duraplasty and review of the literature","author":"Schick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-13","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) in skull base repairs and CSF leakage","author":"Bachert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-14","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Endoscopic treatment of idiopathic spontaneous although cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: A case report","author":"Kansu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-15","first-page":"961","volume-title":"Endoscopic endonasal repair of anterior skull base non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leaks, meningoceles, and encephaloceles","author":"Nyquist","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-16","first-page":"637","volume-title":"Reconstruction of dural defects of the endonasal skull base","author":"Sughrue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-17","first-page":"E397","volume-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: Diagnosis and management","author":"Abuabara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-18","first-page":"676","volume-title":"Management of cerebrospinal fluid leak associated with craniomaxillofacial trauma","author":"Bell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-19","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Management of unexpected cerebrospinal fluid leak during endoscopic sinus surgery","author":"Platt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-20","first-page":"671","volume-title":"Localization and infliction pattern of iatrogenic skull base defects following endoscopic sinus surgery at a teaching hospital","author":"Bumm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-21","first-page":"495","volume-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: A variant of benign intracranial hypertension","author":"Schlosser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-22","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Pseudotumour cerebri, CSF rhinorrhoea and the role of venous sinus stenting in treatment","author":"Owler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-23","first-page":"515","volume-title":"Non-traumaticcerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: Diagnosis and management.Ann Saudi Med 2004;24:453-8","author":"Al-Sebeih","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comment in Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-24","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Spontaneous nasal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and empty sella syndrome: A clinical association","author":"Schlosser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-25","first-page":"859","volume-title":"Endonasal endoscopic repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Lopatin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-26","first-page":"826","volume-title":"Endoscopic closure of CSF rhinorrhea: 193 cases over 21 years","author":"Banks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-27","first-page":"634","volume-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea caused by a congenital defect of stapesmimickingotorrhea: Radionuclide cisternographic findings","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-28","first-page":"1833","volume-title":"Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","author":"McMains","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-29","first-page":"542","volume-title":"Nontraumatic skull based efects with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea and arachnoid herniation: Imaging findings and correlation with endoscopic sinus surgery in 27 patients","author":"Schuknecht","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-30","first-page":"39","volume-title":"How useful is glucose detection in diagnosing cerebrospinal fluid leak.The rational use of CT and Beta-2 transferrin assay in detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistula?","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-31","first-page":"2204","volume-title":"Factors determining the appearance of glucose in upper and lower respiratory tract secretions","author":"Philips","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-32","first-page":"988","volume-title":"Optimum imaging and diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea","author":"Lund","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-33","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Intrathecal gadolinium-enhanced MR cisternography in the evaluation of CSF leakage","author":"Selcuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-34","first-page":"725","volume-title":"Imagingof skull base cerebrospinal fluid leaks in adults","author":"Lloyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-35","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Combined HRCT and MRI in the detection of CSF rhinorrhea","author":"Mostafa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-36","first-page":"1169","volume-title":"Endoscopic endonasal surgery for recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","author":"Cui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-37","first-page":"503","volume-title":"Endoscopic repair of spontaneous cerebro-spinal fluid rhinorrhoea: A report of 3 cases","author":"Gendeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-38","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Use of fluorescein for detecting cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: A safe technique for intrathecal injection","author":"Bateman","year":"1999","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-39","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Lund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-40","first-page":"626","volume-title":"The utility of intrathecal fluorescein in cerebrospinal fluid leak repair","author":"Seth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-41","first-page":"515","volume-title":"Delayed absence seizure: A complication of intrathecal fluorescein injection.A case report and literature review","author":"Anari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-42","first-page":"266","volume-title":"Use of sodium fluorescein solution for detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas: An analysis of 420 administrations and reported complications in Europe and the United States","author":"Keerl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-43","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Transnasal endoscopic treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leak: 17 years' experience","author":"Presutti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-44","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Surgical management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","author":"Wen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-45","first-page":"463","volume-title":"Surgical management of anterior cranial base fractures with cerebrospinal fluid fistulae: A single-institution experience","author":"Scholsem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-46","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Analysis of different surgical approaches for the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","author":"Tosun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-47","first-page":"404","volume-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in skull base surgery","author":"Darakchiev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-48","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and encephaloceles: Surgical indications and complications","author":"Marton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-49","first-page":"597","volume-title":"Endoscopic transnasal intradural repair of anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid fistulae","author":"Briggs","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-50","first-page":"1166","volume-title":"Transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: A meta-analysis","author":"Hegazy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-51","first-page":"ONS","volume-title":"Endoscopic endonasal approaches for repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks: Nine-year experience","author":"Locatelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-52","first-page":"827","volume-title":"Surgical management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea under endoscopic control","author":"Landeiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-53","first-page":"597","volume-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: Diagnosis and management","author":"Kerr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-54","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Endoscopic CSF leak repair","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-55","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid fistulas in Puerto Rico: Treatment and outcome","author":"Alameda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bol Asoc MedPR"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-56","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea","author":"Bibas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-57","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Woodworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-58","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Frontal sinus cerebrospinalfluid leaks: Repairin 15 patients using an endoscopic surgical approach","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-59","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Endoscopic endonasal repair of difficult-to-access cerebrospinal fluid leaks of the frontal sinus","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-60","first-page":"866","volume-title":"Endonasal endoscopic repair of anterior skull-base fistulas: The Kuala Lumpur experience","author":"Gendeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-61","first-page":"1119","volume-title":"Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae and encephaloceles","author":"Lanza","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-62","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Endoscopicrepair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: Learning from our failures","author":"Castelnuovo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-63","first-page":"1042","volume-title":"'Bath-plug' technique for the endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Wormald","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-64","first-page":"414","volume-title":"Composite mucochondral flap for repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Friedman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-65","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Middle turbinate graft for repair of cerebral spinal fluid leaks","author":"Marks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-66","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Endoscopic treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks with the use of lower turbinate grafts: A retrospective review of 125 cases","author":"Cassano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-67","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Endoscopic treatment of cerebral rhinorrhea","author":"Strek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Pol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-68","first-page":"371","volume-title":"BioGlue for prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks in transsphenoidal surgery: A case series","author":"Dusick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-69","first-page":"1427","volume-title":"Dural suturing for repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak in transnasal transsphenoidal surgery","author":"Nishioka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-70","first-page":"65","volume-title":"A new technique for dural suturing with fascia graft for cerebrospinal fluid leakage in transsphenoidal surgery","author":"Ahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-71","first-page":"653","volume-title":"Subdural patch graft technique for watertight closure of large dural defects in extended transsphenoidal surgery","author":"Kitano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-72","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Minimally invasive endoscopic pericranial flap: A new method for endonasal skull base reconstruction","author":"Zanation","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-73","first-page":"506","volume-title":"Pericranial flap for endoscopic anterior skull-base reconstruction: Clinical outcomes and radioanatomic analysis of preoperative planning","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-74","first-page":"130","volume-title":"New techniques and technology to repair cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","author":"Paludetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-75","first-page":"244","volume-title":"Endonasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in a series of 69 patients","author":"Ye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-76","first-page":"439","volume-title":"CSF rhinorrhea: 95 consecutive surgical cases with long term follow-up at the Mayo Clinic","author":"Gassner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-77","first-page":"745","volume-title":"Endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea repair: Is a lumbardra in necessary?","author":"Casiano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-78","first-page":"1475","volume-title":"Transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and skull base defect: Ten-year experience","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-79","first-page":"969","volume-title":"Management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: The Medical College of Wisconsin experience","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-80","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Elevated intracranial pressures in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Schlosser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-81","first-page":"715","volume-title":"Spontaneous CSF leaks: A paradigm for definitive repair and management of intracranial hypertension","author":"Woodworth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-82","first-page":"576","volume-title":"Endonasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks of the sphenoid sinus","author":"Tosun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-83","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Evaluation of spontaneous nasal cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Wise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-84","first-page":"1774","volume-title":"Sinonasal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: Management of 97 patients over 10 years","author":"Mirza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-85","first-page":"205","volume-title":"The management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients at risk for high-pressure hydrocephalus","author":"Carrau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-86","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Endoscopic management of sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Sautter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-87","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Endoscopic repair of frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Woodworth","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-88","first-page":"1266","volume-title":"Treatment outcomes of endoscopic repairs of sinonasal cerebrospinal fluid leaks","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-89","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure for repair of lateral frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak","author":"Anverali","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.145101-90","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks to the sinonasal tract: Predictors of success","author":"Zweig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/1793-5482.145101.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T23:06:30Z","timestamp":1663715190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/1793-5482.145101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1793-5482.145101","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1793-5482","2248-9614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1793-5482","type":"print"},{"value":"2248-9614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}