{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:32:27Z","timestamp":1672187547439},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2210,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asian J Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathological characteristics of C3-C4 cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) from the radiological study. Materials and Methods: A total of 31 patients with single level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at C3-C4 and 46 patients with single level ACDF at C5-C6 were included in this study. We selected C5-C6 level as a representative of the lower cervical level. The C3-C4 and C5-C6 levels were routinely examined to investigate the areas of the vertebral canal, subarachnoid space, and spinal cord in the cervical canal. Results: The clinical study of C3-C4 ACDF patients showed that as for the C3-C4 area, the area of the cervical vertebral canal, the area of the subarachnoid space, and he transverse surface area of the spinal cord were all significantly smaller in C3-C4 ACDF patients than in C5-C6 ACDF patients. Moreover, as for the C5-C6 area, only the area of the subarachnoid space was significantly smaller in C5-C6 ACDF patients than in C3-C4 ACDF patients. Spondylotic changes predominated at both the C3-C4 and C5-C6 levels. However, in the C5-C6 ACDF patients, spondylotic changes tended to predominate only at the operation level at C5-C6. Conclusions: Aging process develops from lower cervical to upper cervical level. Moreover, this static factor in conjunction with dynamic factor (instability) was the causative factors for the CSM in C3-C4 ACDF patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.175624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]],"date-time":"2016-02-03T09:40:36Z","timestamp":1454492436000},"page":"273-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Radiological study of C3\u2013C4 level surgical cases of cervical spondylosis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Masato","family":"Tomii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Iwanuma, Miyagi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Iwanuma, Miyagi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Iwanuma, Miyagi"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Koriyama, Fukushima"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.175624-1","first-page":"618","volume-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the aged patient.A radiographic evaluation of the aging changes in the cervical spine and etiologic factors of myelopathy","author":"Hayashi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.175624-2","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis of the cervical spine in cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the elderly","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.175624-3","first-page":"796","volume-title":"Cervical myelopathy caused by C3-C4 spondylosis in elderly patients: A radiographic analysis of pathogenesis","author":"Mihara","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.175624-4","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Clinical study of C3-4 level cervical spondylotic myelopathy","author":"Tsunoda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spinal Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.175624-5","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Clinical study of C3-C4 level surgical cases of cervical spondylosis","author":"Tomii","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.175624-6","first-page":"119","volume-title":"High cervical disc lesions in elderly patients \u2013 Presentation and surgical approach","author":"Nishizawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.175624-7","first-page":"1492","volume-title":"Age-related changes in osseous anatomy, alignment, and range of motion of the cervical spine.Part I: Radiographic data from over 1,200 asymptomatic subjects","author":"Yukawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/1793-5482.175624-8","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Surgical treatment for aged patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","author":"Okamoto","year":"1990","journal-title":"East Jpn Clin Orthop"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/1793-5482.175624.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T23:06:45Z","timestamp":1663715205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.4103\/1793-5482.175624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1793-5482.175624","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1793-5482","2248-9614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1793-5482","type":"print"},{"value":"2248-9614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}