{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:42Z","timestamp":1787169642798,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Preemptive analgesia with intravenous ketamine has been utilized as a part of multi-modal analgesia for acute postoperative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy with mixed outcomes. We tested the effectiveness of low-dose ketamine for acute and chronic postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a randomized controlled experiment. The study involved 50 individuals who had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. All the patients were separated into two equal groups. The ketamine and control groups were given 0.5 mg\/kg ketamine and 2 mL of normal saline, respectively, at 15 minutes before incision. Patients in the ketamine group had a significantly lower numeric pain rating scale score at 0 minutes than those in the control group. The numeric pain rating scale score of the ketamine group was considerably greater than the control group after a half-hour interval. At other time periods, there was no significant difference in numeric pain rating scale scores between the two groups. The ketamine group had a greater duration of analgesia and sedation score than the control group. The cumulative tramadol demand at 24 hours and the incidence of chronic pain did not differ significantly across the groups. Substantial analgesic effect of intravenous ketamine lasted only up to 30 min postoperatively. There was no discernible effect in terms of chronic pain prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.337995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T23:32:23Z","timestamp":1645227143000},"page":"141-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Preemptive low-dose intravenous ketamine in the management of acute and chronic postoperative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shruti","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurav Mitra","family":"Mustafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00406-1","article-title":"Characteristics and prediction of early pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"90","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R2-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810939","article-title":"Long-term pain: less common after laparoscopic than open cholecystectomy","volume":"81","author":"Stiff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"R3-5-20240907","first-page":"547","article-title":"Multimodal analgesia in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Nicolau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chirurgia (Bucur"},{"key":"R4-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199377020-00026","article-title":"Preemptive analgesia--treating postoperative pain by preventing the establishment of central sensitization","volume":"77","author":"Woolf","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R5-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_605_18","article-title":"Low-dose S+ ketamine in target-controlled intravenous anaesthesia with remifentanil and propofol for open gynaecological surgery: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Ithnin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R6-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_664_19","article-title":"Is an opioid-free anaesthesia possible without using alpha-2 agonists?","volume":"64","author":"Toleska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R7-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.119141","article-title":"Preemptive analgesia with ketamine for laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R8-5-20240907","first-page":"38","article-title":"ASA provides examples to each ASA Physical Status Class","volume":"79","author":"Abouleish","year":"2015","journal-title":"ASA Newsl"},{"key":"R9-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00299-7","article-title":"Simple pain rating scales hide complex idiosyncratic meanings","volume":"85","author":"de Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R10-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh030","article-title":"Pre-emptive analgesia","volume":"71","author":"Dahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"R12-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i69","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq323","article-title":"When does acute pain become chronic?","volume":"105","author":"Voscopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R13-5-20240907","first-page":"288","article-title":"Pre-emptive intravenous ketamine analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective double blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brunei Int Med J"},{"key":"R14-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-5333.124582","article-title":"Pre-emptive analgesia: Recent trends and evidences","volume":"27","author":"Mishra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Pain"},{"key":"R15-5-20240907","first-page":"727","article-title":"Preemptive ketamine during general anesthesia for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"70","author":"Launo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"R16-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12183","article-title":"Comparison between the combination of gabapentin, ketamine, lornoxicam, and local ropivacaine and each of these drugs alone for pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial","volume":"15","author":"Kotsovolis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"R17-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12919","article-title":"Ketamine does not enhance the quality of recovery following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Moro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R18-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2014.66.3.222","article-title":"Comparison of effects of intraoperative esmolol and ketamine infusion on acute postoperative pain after remifentanil-based anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R19-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2016.69.5.480","article-title":"Comparison of effects of intraoperative nefopam and ketamine infusion on managing postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy administered remifentanil","volume":"69","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R20-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00044-5","article-title":"Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: a review of current techniques and outcomes","volume":"82","author":"Schmid","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R21-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200207000-00018","article-title":"Supplementing desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia with small-dose ketamine reduces perioperative opioid analgesic requirements","volume":"95","author":"Guignard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R22-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2017.11.031","article-title":"Efficiency and safety of ketamine for pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials","volume":"49","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"R23-5-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510023675","article-title":"From acute to chronic pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective follow-up analysis","volume":"40","author":"Bisgaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Medical Gas Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/2045-9912.337995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:10:51Z","timestamp":1787166651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/2045-9912.337995"}},"subtitle":["a prospective randomized control study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2045-9912.337995","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-9912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-9912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}}}