{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:34:21Z","timestamp":1787762061520,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oral biofilm formation is the main reason for both caries progression and soft tissue diseases. Preventing the formation and promotion of biofilm has been known as the first attempt to prevent the development of caries and soft tissue problems in the oral cavity. The present study aimed to assess the effect of ozone and its combined use with chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluoride on the complex biofilm formation of pediatric patients under\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      conditions. Extracted bovine teeth were sterilized and cut into 2 \u00d7 3 mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      sections. The samples were placed in removable maxillary plates and 10 healthy individuals (6 boys, 4 girls; aged 7\u201314 years) were asked to wear these plates for 6, 24 and 48 hours. Afterwards, the tooth samples were removed, and anti-plaque agents were applied to the time-related plaque formation. Plaque thickness and viable bacterial percentages were detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. All materials used in the study decreased the plaque formation and the percentage of viable microorganisms compared with the control group (physiological saline). In 6- and 24-hour biofilm evaluations, ozone-CHX was the most effective group in decreasing the plaque thickness (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Ozone-CHX and Ozone-Fluoride groups were found to be better in 48-hour biofilm assessments in caries-free group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Ozone-CHX group showed a better inhibitory effect on the viability of microorganisms in 6-, 24- and 48-hour biofilm formations (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Although CHX has been known as the gold standard for inhibiting the oral biofilm formation, according to the results of the study, gaseous ozone and its combined use with CHX have shown better results in reducing the biofilm thickness and viable bacterial percentages of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      formed time-related biofilm formation in pediatric patients. The use of gaseous ozone can be preferred in clinical conditions in pediatric patients instead of the CHX agents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.372820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T05:38:55Z","timestamp":1686548335000},"page":"192-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anti-microbial efficiency of gaseous ozone\u2019s combined use with fluoride and chlorhexidine on time-related oral biofilm"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Burcu","family":"Namazo\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Aksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bet\u00fcl","family":"Memi\u015f-\u00d6zg\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdevs","family":"Tulga-\u00d6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6498932","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6498932","article-title":"Novel approaches to the control of oral microbial biofilms","volume":"2018","author":"Kuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"R2-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/ht7030024","article-title":"Oral biofilms: development, control, and analysis","volume":"7","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"High Throughput"},{"key":"R3-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-020-01531-8","article-title":"Shifts in composition and activity of oral biofilms after fluoride exposure","volume":"80","author":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"R4-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2012.524","article-title":"Contemporary perspective on plaque control","volume":"212","author":"Marsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"R5-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.04.005","article-title":"Effects of photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green on Streptococcus mutans biofilm","volume":"26","author":"Aytac Bal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"R6-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103497","article-title":"Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review","volume":"103","author":"Brookes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R7-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12112","article-title":"Efficacy of dental floss impregnated with chlorhexidine on reduction of supragingival biofilm: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Muniz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"R8-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.304226","article-title":"Ozone therapy a new vista in dentistry: integrated review","volume":"10","author":"Sen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Gas Res"},{"key":"R9-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0333","article-title":"Antibiofilm effect of ozonized physiological saline solution on peri-implant-related biofilm","volume":"92","author":"Tonon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R10-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)31717-8","article-title":"The surgical uses of ozone","volume":"188","author":"Stoker","year":"1916","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R11-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.7126\/cumudj.772706","article-title":"Better with ozone, or not? An in-vivo study of ozone therapy as a pre-treatment before fissure sealant application","volume":"23","author":"\u00c7etinkaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cumhuriyet Dent J"},{"key":"R12-7-20240907","first-page":"9071","article-title":"A critical evaluation of the use of ozone and its derivatives in dentistry","volume":"24","author":"Tricarico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R13-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0002","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of ozone and NaF-chlorhexidine on early childhood caries","volume":"31","author":"Ximenes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"key":"R14-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2013.06.020","article-title":"Ozone therapy in the management and prevention of caries","volume":"114","author":"Almaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Formos Med 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Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/2045-9912.372820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:12:16Z","timestamp":1787760736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/2045-9912.372820"}},"subtitle":["an in situ study on pediatric patients"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2045-9912.372820","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-9912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-9912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}}}