{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T12:08:31Z","timestamp":1759579711652},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalimagingscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Varices commonly occur in liver cirrhosis patients and are classified as esophageal (EV), gastroesophageal (GEV), or isolated gastric (IGV) varices. These vessels may be supplied and drained by several different afferent and efferent pathways. A working knowledge of variceal anatomy is imperative for Interventional Radiologists performing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and embolization\/obliteration procedures. This pictorial essay characterizes the angiographic anatomy of varices in terms of type and frequency of venous filling and drainage, showing that different varices have distinct vascular anatomy. EVs typically show left gastric vein filling and \u201cuphill\u201d drainage, and GEVs and IGVs exhibit additional posterior\/short gastric vein contribution and \u201cdownhill\u201d outflow. An understanding of these variceal filling and drainage pathways can facilitate successful portal decompression and embolization\/obliteration procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T09:57:14Z","timestamp":1448877434000},"page":"61","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Gastroesophageal Variceal Filling and Drainage Pathways: An Angiographic Description of Afferent and Efferent Venous Anatomic Patterns"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ron C","family":"Gaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick M","family":"Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janesh","family":"Lakhoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2012.08.001","article-title":"Collateral pathways in portal hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-2","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Gastric varices: Profile, classification, and management","volume":"84","author":"Sarin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191505","article-title":"North Italian Endoscopic Club for the Study and Treatment of Esophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices. A prospective multicenter study","volume":"319","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","article-title":"Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23383","article-title":"American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. The Role of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) in the Management of Portal Hypertension: Update 2009","volume":"51","author":"Boyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1284460","article-title":"Balloon-occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO): Technical results and outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Saad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.08.004","article-title":"Variceal and other portal hypertension related bleeding","volume":"27","author":"Turon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250209","article-title":"Risk factors for hemorrhage from gastric fundal varices","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160607","article-title":"Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: A long-term follow-up study in 568 portal hypertension patients","volume":"16","author":"Sarin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000050126","article-title":"Correlation between endoscopic and angiographic findings in patients with esophageal and isolated gastric varices","volume":"18","author":"Chikamori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.170730\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90501-X","article-title":"Portal hemodynamics in patients with gastric varices. 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