{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:46:01Z","timestamp":1788435961219,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalimagingscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medical imaging has changed to a great extent over the past few decades. It has been revolutionized by three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques. Despite much of modern medicine relying on 3D imaging, which can be obtained accurately, we keep on being limited by visualization of the 3D content on two-dimensional flat screens. 3D-printing of graspable models could become a feasible technique to overcome this gap. Therefore, we printed pre- and postoperative 3D-models of a complex congenital heart defect. With this example, we intend to illustrate that these models hold value in preoperative planning, postoperative evaluation of a complex procedure, communication with the patient, and education of trainees. At this moment, 3D printing only leaves a small footprint, but makes already a big impression in the domain of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. Further studies including more patients and more validated applications are needed to streamline 3D printing in the clinical setting of daily practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.179408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]],"date-time":"2016-03-30T09:17:23Z","timestamp":1459329443000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["3D-Printing in Congenital Cardiology: From Flatland to Spaceland"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Deferm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Congenital and Structural Cardiology University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Meyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congenital Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Vlasselaers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postoperative Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Budts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congenital and Structural Cardiology University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.179408\/ref-1","first-page":"A17875","article-title":"Translating 3D printing into clinical practice: Do patient-specific models aid in communicating with parents of children with congenital heart disease?","volume":"130 Suppl 2","author":"Biglino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.179408\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-010-0476-x","article-title":"3D printing based on imaging data: Review of medical applications","volume":"5","author":"Rengier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.179408\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.2015.1100076","article-title":"Hybrid 3D printing: A game-changer in personalized cardiac medicine?","volume":"13","author":"Kurup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.179408\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003626","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003626","article-title":"Replicating patient-specific severe aortic valve stenosis with functional 3D modeling","volume":"8","author":"Maragiannis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.179408\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.09.031","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of models for preoperative planning and simulation of transcatheter valve replacement","volume":"93","author":"Schmauss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.179408\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.03.015","article-title":"Left atrial appendage closure guided by personalized 3D-printed cardiac reconstruction","volume":"8","author":"Otton","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Imaging Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/3d-printing-in-congenital-cardiology-from-flatland-to-spaceland\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/3d-printing-in-congenital-cardiology-from-flatland-to-spaceland\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T05:30:09Z","timestamp":1567143009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/3d-printing-in-congenital-cardiology-from-flatland-to-spaceland\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]]},"references-count":6,"alternative-id":["10.4103\/2156-7514.179408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2156-7514.179408","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]]},"article-number":"8"}}