{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T23:01:09Z","timestamp":1769209269807,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalimagingscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The complex embryology of the anterior mediastinum makes it home to an array of primary neoplasms tied to the presence of the thyroid and thymus glands in that compartment. While the occurrence of ectopic thyroid deposits in the extramediastinal thorax has not been convincingly established, the other three \u201cTs\u201d of the classic \u201c4T\u201d mnemonic for the differential diagnosis of an anterior mediastinal mass have occurred in the lung parenchyma, pleural space, and endobronchially as primary tumors. Finding any of the three lesions \u2013 thymoma, teratoma, or B-cell lymphoma \u2013 in the chest outside the mediastinum is very unusual, but that possibility exists. Herein, we illustrate examples of this rare phenomenon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T09:03:43Z","timestamp":1483002223000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ectopic Anterior Mediastinal Pathology in the Chest: Radiologic-pathologic Correlation of Unexpected Encounters with the \u201cTerrible Ts\u201d"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mahsan","family":"Rashidfarokhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY 11373, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY 11373, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoly","family":"Leytin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst, NY 11373, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Epelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9 Suppl 2","key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000292","article-title":"A modern definition of mediastinal compartments","volume":"9","author":"Carter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-015-0299-8","article-title":"Multiple thyroid nodules in the lung: Metastasis or ectopia?","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"10 Suppl 4","key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S260","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f1f62d","article-title":"Epidemiology of thymoma and associated malignancies","volume":"5","author":"Engels","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-011-0814-0","article-title":"Thymoma and thymic carcinoma","volume":"60","author":"Venuta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199503000-00008","article-title":"Primary intrapulmonary thymoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of eight cases","volume":"19","author":"Moran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-6","first-page":"429","volume-title":"Development of the pharyngeal apparatus and face. Larsen's Human Embryology","author":"Schoenwolf","year":"2015","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20130177","article-title":"Thymoma: Current diagnosis and treatment","volume":"126","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199202000-00006","article-title":"Thymomas presenting as pleural tumors. Report of eight cases","volume":"16","author":"Moran","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-9","first-page":"79","article-title":"Primary pleural thymoma","volume":"121","author":"Shih","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.03.092","article-title":"Ectopic pleural thymoma presenting as a giant mass in the thoracic cavity","volume":"83","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-9-66","article-title":"Ectopic thymoma presenting as a giant intrathoracic tumor: A case report","volume":"9","author":"Kitada","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivs360","article-title":"Ectopic pleural thymoma mimicking a giant solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura","volume":"15","author":"Filosso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii: Rjv166","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjv166","article-title":"Ectopic intrapleural thymoma: A rare location in the thoracic cavity","author":"Lopez-Marco","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep 2016"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00793.x","article-title":"Why human extragonadal germ cell tumours occur in the midline of the body: Old concepts, new perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Oosterhuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1710980204","article-title":"A malignant treatoma of the lung in an infant","volume":"98","author":"Pound","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.30.5.582","article-title":"An intrapulmonary teratoma associated with thymic tissue","volume":"30","author":"Day","year":"1975","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199206000-00008","article-title":"Intrapulmonary teratoma: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Morgan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0173","article-title":"A 31-year-old woman with hemoptysis and an intrathoracic mass","volume":"138","author":"Macht","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.23.1.69","article-title":"Endobronchial teratoma associated with bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis","volume":"23","author":"Bateson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.2.562","article-title":"Pulmonary mass and air meniscus sign in a 19-year-old man","volume":"100","author":"Roig","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.4.9308448","article-title":"Mediastinal mature teratoma: Imaging features","volume":"169","author":"Moeller","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000725","article-title":"Mediastinal germ cell tumors: A radiologic-pathologic review","volume":"11","author":"Drevelegas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2015.04.006","article-title":"Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"41","author":"Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000180","article-title":"Update in primary pulmonary lymphomas","volume":"21","author":"Cardenas-Garcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196307)16:7<928::AID-CNCR2820160709>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Pulmonary malignant lymphomas and pseudolymphomas: Classification, therapy, and prognosis","volume":"16","author":"Saltzstein","year":"1963","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00404102","article-title":"Primary pulmonary lymphoma","volume":"20","author":"Cadranel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016140339","article-title":"Primary pulmonary lymphoid lesions: Radiologic and pathologic findings","volume":"36","author":"Sirajuddin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2016.03.002","article-title":"Primary extranodal lymphoma of the thorax","volume":"54","author":"Kligerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-07-2335","article-title":"Clonality analysis of alveolar B lymphocytes contributes to the diagnostic strategy in clinical suspicion of pulmonary lymphoma","volume":"103","author":"Zompi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.40.6272","article-title":"Addition of rituximab to chlorambucil produces superior event-free survival in the treatment of patients with extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma: 5-year analysis of the IELSG-19 randomized study","volume":"31","author":"Zucca","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841001)54:7<1397::AID-CNCR2820540728>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Primary pulmonary lymphomas. A clinicopathologic analysis of 36 cases","volume":"54","author":"L\u2019Hoste","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.1.201","article-title":"Primary pulmonary lymphomas. A clinical study of 70 cases in nonimmunocompromised patients","volume":"103","author":"Cordier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00271.x","article-title":"Primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas","volume":"26","author":"Fiche","year":"1995","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1179\/102453311X12940641877722","article-title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma primary of lung","volume":"16","author":"Neri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21112","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as an endobronchial tumor: Report of eight cases and literature review","volume":"83","author":"Solomonov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.4103\/2156-7514.197025\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860501)57:9<1750::AID-CNCR2820570907>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Endobronchial involvement with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A clinical-radiologic analysis","volume":"57","author":"Rose","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Imaging Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/ectopic-anterior-mediastinal-pathology-in-the-chest-radiologic-pathologic-correlation-of-unexpected-encounters-with-the-terrible-ts\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/ectopic-anterior-mediastinal-pathology-in-the-chest-radiologic-pathologic-correlation-of-unexpected-encounters-with-the-terrible-ts\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T13:40:33Z","timestamp":1718977233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/clinicalimagingscience.org\/ectopic-anterior-mediastinal-pathology-in-the-chest-radiologic-pathologic-correlation-of-unexpected-encounters-with-the-terrible-ts\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.4103\/2156-7514.197025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2156-7514.197025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]]},"article-number":"49"}}